Yes. But ancient Judaism is something different and older, pre return from Babylon
That doesn't have much of a bearing, but there were various periods -- at the very least, there was some kind of Pre-Abrahamic belief set, and probably more than one; another one during the era from Abraham through the beginning of the Egyptian Bondage; the period in Egypt lasted some centuries, so some other things probably crept in; the Mosaic/Tabernacle period that covered the Wandering, the Conquest, and the Judges period, and the emergence of the various prophets; the Kingdom period which saw the building of the Temple and later the schism, and ending with several destructions (the Assyrians exiled the 10 "lost tribes" which eliminated the rival house of worship; the Babylonian captivity); the repatriation under Cyrus and rebuilding of the Temple and recovery of at least one lost OT book (possibly Deuteronomy); and the period thereafter which includes Hellenistic influence and interference, the Roman influence, domination, conquest, and eventual destruction of the 2nd Temple, and the rise of rabbinical Judaism as well as various mystical offshoots, basically the Talmudic period which persists today.