I don’t see why not! I would leave the leaves on those inner stalks; once air and sunlight hit them, they should grow.
They’re always kind of yellow, though - direct sunlight might burn them. Maybe try that in a shady spot, first?
I think they are yellow because they were crowded out and never got any sunlight! Will try this technique this year with some replanted buttercrunch lettuce, which can be bought whole.
One worry that I have, worrier that I am, is that whatever the plants have picked up from the previous soil, (in Mexico, etc) will be transported to my own garden system. But, heck, I am eating the plant, anyway....