My old laptop just died over the weekend. Did Windows 10 kill it?
Computer death can be software death, hardware death, or both. It's unusual for software like Win10 to kill hardware, although it's not unheard of. If the laptop has stopped booting and is giving messages like it can't read the hard drive, that could be due to Win10 taking a major cr@p, though it's more often hardware (like the hard drive taking a major cr@p).
So while it's possible, I'd say it's unlikely.