FOSS: A General Introduction to Linux

wikibooks ^ | 1991 | Multiple sources

[ShadowAce]

Introduction

Welcome to Linux! GNU/Linux is descended from the UNIX operating system, but is open source software, which means that you can view its source code and change it to suit your needs. Of course since this book is geared to those new to Linux, we stay away from very technical issues that are more suited to Linux veterans. This book is going to try to be geared toward the person who has heard about Linux and might be considering trying it out or perhaps the person who has already "taken the plunge" and is looking for more information or wondering where to start now that they have Linux installed. But first, a little history lesson.

The name "Linux" technically refers to an operating system "kernel", a single but key component of a complete operating system. In everyday use, the term "Linux" is frequently used to refer to a complete operating system which consists of the kernel and some of the thousands of other programs required to make an operating system useful. Much of the important system software that is typically installed on a Linux system comes from The GNU Project, a project to build an operating system made entirely of free software.

The first Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds. It was first released on 5 Oct 1991. It was started as an x86-only, single-processor operating system, but grew to become one of the most ported pieces of software. Other parts of a complete GNU/Linux system come from other projects such as the GNU project, and are integrated into a complete GNU/Linux OS by your supplier. Usually your supplier will assign their own version number to the integrated whole.

The GNU Project is overseen by the Free Software Foundation, founded by Richard Stallman, who believes that the people should use the term "GNU/Linux" to refer to such an operating system, because so many of the required programs were in fact, written as part of the GNU Project.

Distributions

A distribution is a type of Linux. Linux comes in a large number of distributions, some of which are designed for everyday use, and others designed with a specific task or device in mind. We'll discuss some of those differences below.

Most Linux distributions have a special type of CD, called a live CD. If you insert this CD and then restart your computer, the live CD will run Linux on the computer while avoiding changing anything on your computer as much as possible. For example it won't normally install any files on your PC, but run only from the CD. You can give the operating system a try to see if you like it without the risk of installing anything on your hard drive. You should remember that linux typically runs very fast - if the system seems slow, it is because it is running off your CD drive, not your hard drive.

Choosing a Distro

There are dozens of different Linux distributions. Here are some ways to help you narrow down the options to a short list.

How do you intend to use the system?

Desktop or server? This distinction is probably the most important. Distributions for the desktop will have a graphical user interface, while server distributions won't.

Specific hardware requirements

Try out a few LiveCDs of different distributions. Does it recognize and work properly with your hardware?

If you intend to install Linux on a low-end specification computer, or you have other peculiar hardware compatibility problems or requirements, your choice might be influenced by this need. Most linux distributions should run fine on all but the lowest end of the spectrum.

Application support

Which applications or desktop environment are important to you?

Does a given distribution install those programs by default or is it easy to install and integrate them with the rest or your system?

Does the distribution have a good package management system, and suitable software repositories?

Support

What options will be available for getting support? Is commercial (paid) support available? Is there free community support? If the distribution has a small user base, you will have a harder time getting distribution-specific support, as compared to a more widely-used distribution.

Desktop environment

For desktop systems, you'll need to feel at home. Check out Linux Guide/Desktop environments for information on some common ones. GNOME and KDE are the two most popular.

Try a distro chooser, like http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/. Often several different distributions will meet all your requirements. Your final choice from the short list may be based on whim or personal taste.

Getting Linux

Use an Existing system

The easiest way to begin using a Linux system may be to use an already running system. For example, some systems may be available in various educational or work environments. In this case you only need to contact the appropriate administrator and obtain a user ID and password. You will only be able to explore the system to a certain extent, but the first steps can be taken without having go through the installation process.

Another trouble-free way of obtaining a Linux system is to buy a computer with Linux pre-installed. The number of vendors selling such systems is constantly increasing.

Download a Linux ISO

After choosing a distribution, you should download it. Normally this will be an ISO image. An iso is all the data on a CD - after downloading the iso file, you will burn it to either a CD/DVD or a USB flash drive so you can use it. A USB is the recommended option these days as they are more reliable than CD/DVDs and virtually all modern systems support bootable USBs.

Creating a bootable USB on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux

1. Go to http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net and download UNetbootin for Windows or Mac OS X and run it. Existing Linux users are recommended to download UNetbootin from their distro's repository.
2. Once it is opened, click the ... button to browse for your iso, next choose your drive letter in the "Type" column and click OK..
3. The image will begin to be copied to your USB. Once it is done, your USB will be made bootable. You can now reboot the computer.

Creating a bootable USB on Linux (command line method)

WARNING:This procedure will erase all data presently on the flash drive, make a backup first.
1. Launch a Terminal window.
2. Type lsblk.
3. Note that there will be an entry for your flash drive, similar to this :
sdb 8:16 1 2.0G 0 part /media/NO NAME Note down the sdX, in this example sdb, NOT sdb1 etc.
4. Unmount your USB with this command:

sudo umount /dev/sdX1

5. Browse to the directory where you downloaded the iso with the cd command and type this command. (Assuming the iso image is ubuntu-gnome-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso and your drive is sdb)

sudo dd if=ubuntu-gnome-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

6. The command will work in the background, when you return to a prompt, it will be finished.

Creating a LiveCD/DVD

A live CD/DVD is not recommended, use this procedure only if you do not have a computer that can boot from USB.

Windows (7 and later)

1. Insert a blank disc in your drive
2. Right click on the iso file and click "Burn image"
3. Select your drive.
4. Click Burn
5. Wait for it to finish
6. Done

Mac OS X

1. Insert a blank disc in your drive
2. Browse to your file in Finder
3. Click "File" -> "Burn Disk Image to Disc"

Linux

K3b, Brasero etc. all have a function to burn images to CD/DVDs.

Boot From LiveCD

Live CD distributions allow you to "get your feet wet" by running Linux on your own PC at home without worrying about installing it or losing data.

Live CDs don't need to be installed to your hard drive for you to use them. Instead, you simply load the Live CD into your CD-ROM drive, restart your computer and a complete running Linux system should boot up with little, if any, intervention. There are some difficulties for some distributions working with certain sets of hardware, but most systems will boot with little to no problems.

A system running a Live CD often tends to be a little slow. This is because information must be fetched from the CD-ROM (which is much slower than a hard drive) and because the Live CD must store a lot of information in memory that would normally stay on the hard disk. Don't let this fool you into thinking that Linux is a slow operating system though. Linux systems are normally very fast and reliable. If you try a Live CD, it is recommended (unless you are trying a MiniLinux) that the computer you use be a relatively recent one with a generous amount of memory (256MB or more). For most people, this should provide a trouble free way to begin to get to know Linux. Sometimes the entire Live CD can be loaded into RAM if a sufficient amount is available (say around 1GB) and this will offer excellent responsiveness.

Live CDs are a great way to test whether certain hardware is likely to be compatible with Linux. Just pop the disk into the CD-ROM drive of the system in question and reboot as described above. Most hardware problems (if there are any) should make themselves obvious during normal use.

If The Live CD Didn't Work

If your Live CD is ignored and you find yourself booting into your normal operating system, you may need to alter some settings in your BIOS. While this may sound daunting for some users, it's actually a lot easier than it sounds.

Begin by restarting your PC and when the boot process begins again you will need to strike a particular key on your keyboard. The key you need to strike will usually be displayed on the computer screen and is often the 'Del' key. Common alternatives are 'F1', 'F2', 'F10' and 'Esc'. The proper key will vary with your computers manufacturer. Once the proper key is struck your computer screen will display the 'BIOS' or 'Setup' editor. There are usually some simple instructions on the bottom of the screen, or off to one side, telling you how to navigate around the various choices and make changes. Be sure to read these before continuing, then look for something labeled 'Boot' or 'Boot order'. Using the instructions you read a moment ago, change this so that your CD-ROM is the first item in the boot order. If you think you've made a mistake, there is usually an option to 'Exit without saving changes'. If you don't see that option, holding down the 'Ctrl' and 'Alt' keys and pressing the 'Del' key should save the day. If all goes well 'Save and Exit' and your computer should boot up, checking the CD-ROM for your Live CD as it does so. If you have run a Linux Live CD and have rebooted to use your regular operating system and have arrived at a notice declaring "Missing Operating System" or "Error on System Disk", or any scary notice stopping you from loading up as normal, it is likely that the computer has "forgotten" that you normally load up from the hard drive and has started to look for your operating system in the CD Drive. To fix this, follow the instructions above accordingly to your system but instead of selecting your CD drive as the boot device, select your hard drive.

Install Linux

After testing the system, you'll want to install it to your hard drive permanently. This does not require you to get rid of the current operating system, even if you have only a single hard disk. We will explore this topic in more detail in the next tutorial, Installation Walkthrough.

[ShadowAce]

But keep in mind your skills are very advanced compared to the average noob user. If we want to see more switch and enjoy linux, it needs to be made as painless as possible with all the GUI eye candy because this is what they are already used to and looking for. :)

I totally agree. I don't expect everyone to agree with my DE choices, I was just putting it out there that it is a very usable Desktop.

[Openurmind]

Went and read up. It does look like an easy to use interface. The only big difference I could note might be the software bundle that comes boxed with the mint cinnamon. It is stuff a new user who is used to a GUI program environment would have to go and add to it later. I think Mint did a great job of bundling all the handy software that might be needed for a brand new user in this.

Wish I could find an actual full comprehensive list to show you. I will have to go boot from my live stick and write down everything that it comes with out of the box to compile a complete list. Should have done that long ago. lol

[Bikkuri]

I understand and agree with all you have said (I started computers before there was DOS, actually surprised you brought DOS up..

Cinn. is great for cross-overs... I had my first taste of Linux around about 2001 (RedHat)... It was pretty much command line.. and at the time, not user friendly at all... I preferred DOS, or Unix. ..

BUT, at that time (BBS became internet).. lots of tech I had to catch up to.. :p (Actually, I think “internet”/www~ became public about 1997/1998)..

I actually got in trouble with the sheriff at the time because I “hacked” the local WAP... I just logged onto the net (WAP) at the time, to check the BBS status...
At the time, the admin said he thought no one else knew how to use Unix code to log onto the net.. :p (along with the security, which I bypassed) .. was so simple, back in the day.. :p

Honestly, I prefer DOS, which I haven’t used since 6.22... and I proved those that said DOS wasn’t able to “multitask”, when I was able to bring up one screen with a games playing(I think it was 16 color back then).. and music playing that was a totally different “app”..

Back then, the excuse was that it was a TSR (memory resident, and not multitasking).. and, now, I agree... but, at that time I proved them wrong....

It depends on the definition (at the time) of what you are trying to do.

We have moved WAY beyond that now.... and going back to what got me in trouble with the sheriff and his server admin.....
The server admin was a ‘special’ person.. (imagine Hawkings).. he had a disability, and he thought that no one could beat him.
I did (because I was one of the few, that was employeed at that sheriff’s office) that knew Unix/Dos.. command lines at the time. (Actually, I don’t remember anyone that had a clue to command lines at that time)...
AS a matter of fact, and no one believes me to this day...
There was a Deputy Sheriff(Remember that this was in the early 80s) that had asked me to fix his computer. I swear, he could type in,Eat Me” onto the DOS prompt, and it would screw up his PC.. :p

Anyway, I had to go “fix” his “IBM Clone” (I think I was about 14-15 at the time)... and he said he thought he screwed up his hard drive because he flipped his ‘desktop’ to be like a ‘tower’. He was worried that the “bits” would fall to one side (true story).... ;^)

Anyway.. I know what it is like going from Winblows to Linux.. I took the hard core road with the steep learning curve.

It is possible.
And KDE is old school.. as in, it was there before all the simple things.... (I think KDE started around 1994, someone correct me if I am wrong..)...

(the only thing that held me back from switching back then, was the the first HD was labeled 0 instead of 1... and the fact that I had to type my PW for everything.. (I have NO problem with that now)...

[Bikkuri]

Ping to my post.. please correct me when needed..

[Openurmind]

Lol... That’s funny stuff! I started off with DOS too, a little Q basic before that. But I never dived very far into it. Just enough to operate my system for my minimal needs and the occasional BBS. I never envisioned what it was all to become or that I might get into it more later in life. I had more important responsibilities at the time and for many years operating a fast paced 24-7 business, so computing just wasn’t a priority except for keeping it working for what businessware I needed.

“and he said he thought he screwed up his hard drive because he flipped his ‘desktop’ to be like a ‘tower’. He was worried that the “bits” would fall to one side (true story).... ;^)”

That has got to be the funniest thing I have heard in a long time! Incredible... lol

[ShadowAce]

(Actually, I think “internet”/www~ became public about 1997/1998)..

It was, in fact, 1991.

[daniel1212]

It was, in fact, 1991.

And the incredible speed at that time! http://xahlee.info/comp/bandwidth.html

[Openurmind]

OK be patient with me here. I realize that most of these are probably also included in other core distro packages. But Just wanted to list them all for comparison to other distro packages.

This is the Linux Mint Cinnamon 18.3 software bundle list and all of these except the command line are point and click Graphic interface programs and features. I looked pretty hard and this list is now probably the only one on the net for his distro. lol

Accessories:

Archive Manager - Calculator - Character Map - Disks - Document viewer - Files - Font viewer - Help - Image Viewer - Password and Keys - Redshift - Screen Reader - Screenshot - Text Editor - Tomboy Notes - USB Image Writer - USB Stick Formatter - Virtual Keyboard.

Graphics:

Gimp - Pix - Simple Scan.

Internet:

Firefox= Hexchat - Pidgin Messenger - Thunderbird Mail - Transmission.

Office:

Libreoffice - Libreoffice Base - Libreoffice Calc - Libreoffice Draw - Libreoffice Impress - Libreoffice Math - Libreoffice Writer.

Sound and Video:

Install Media Codecs - Media Player - Rhythmbox.

Administration:

Backup Tool - Disk Usage Analyzer - Driver Manager - GParted - Install Linux Mint - Login Window - Power Statistics - Printers - Software Manager - Software Sources - Synaptic Package Manager - System Log - System Monitor - System Reports - Terminal - Timeshift - Update Manager - Users and Groups.

Preferences:

Accessibility - Account Details - Applets - Backgrounds - Bluetooth - Color - Date and Time - Desklets - Desktop - Desktop Sharing - Disks - Display - Effects - Extensions - Firewall Configuration - Fonts - General - Graphics Tablet - Hot Corners - Input Method - Keyboard - Languages - Mouse and Touchpad - Nerwork - Netwotk Connections - Notifications - Online Accounts - Panel - Power Management - Preferred Applications - Privacy - Screen Saver - Sound - Startup Applications - System Info - System Settings - Themes - Welcome Screen - Window Tiling - Windows- Workspaces.

[Pollard]

You’ll probably appreciate this site
http://www.oldversion.com/

[daniel1212]

I didn’t really have time to get serious and start digging back into it until 2010 because I wanted to teach myself how to develop websites as another skill. Along with this came the need to understand more about different operating systems and browser compatibility backwards from the webscripts to the local environments.

Speaking of browsers, i thank God for Firefox-ESR (as long as i can use it) and Cyberfox and Waterfox since the extensions play is far aboiut any other for what I want it to do Anyway, I used Windows disk management to shrunk the C drive and also deleted 2 partitions and created a 118GB drive.

And (sorry) I felt Fedora KDE was the flavor I should try, if any, and I liked KDE from before, so I created a USB boot of it disk using Rufus, and just booted the laptop (next to me) into it.

Wireless setup was better than Mint XFCE, though the defualt icon is almost invisible, and it keep pestering me about setting up KDEwallet, which it should not do, and when i choose the option that it wants, then i get the error, "your system has not keys suitable..., and i had to go back and choose Blowfish.

Rather than a vertical list of items with fly-out menus, the Application/programs menu Fedora provides icons down the bottom for Applications and Computer (plus Favorites, History and Leave). Placing your cursor one moves the menu for them into view, but unlike Windows (which I am comparing here), placing your cursor on an item does not result in a fly-out submenu which enables you to see and click in the specific item that you want while not losing your place. Instead, for something like Internet (under Applications) you must click on it and it moves the menu into view from the left.

I would rather have more submenus so you can navigate faster. However, a R. click on something like Firefox does provide the location (such basic info we should easily find).

Hitting Computer only showed Fedora and does not result in showing Windows disks, much less a graphical interface showing total size and free space and many options (as in Windows).. But opening up Home with the default Dolphin manager shows the Windows disks and its partitions in the left hand pane. However, it has no location bar (not seen in setting either) by which you can see and copy the address, but which you can find by opening the disk and right clicking and hitting Properties .

I launched the Anaconda installer but which only showed the windows drive as one large (465GB) drive (sda), so i went back to Dolphin (which was open) which showed 2 partitions in windows, showing 275GB free out of 347GB drive and a empty 118GB drive. I opening the latter since that is the one that I wanted to install Windows disks to, which was listed as /run/media/live/user/118GB.

However, attempting to install via the Anaconda installer and selecting destination (Device Selction), it only showed the windows drive as one large (465GB) drive (sda), with 2.99 MiB free, which free space is obviously incorrect. A empty 15Gb SD card is also listed as having only 3.97 MiB free.

Not wanting to use the whole Windows HD, and under Storage Configuation i chose Custom and the large Windows drive. Then rather than Next, you hit Done in the top left. There is an invitation to Refresh, but what this actually does it remove the selected disks.

The next window Manual partitioning, still says only 2.99MiB free, and wants mount points. I clicked Create them automatically, but this results in the error of not enough free space.

At this point i conclude the Fedora cannot read the NTFS Windows disk correctly that I selected, or even the SD card and decide that is enough for Fedora. I go back and hit rescan disks to undo any changes but it results in Bug>Report Bug which i did not do.

Maybe Cinnamon is next.

[AF_Blue]

BFL

[Bikkuri]

Thank you.. thought I had pinged you too, but looks like I forgot.. :p

Well, I know that the “internet” was out there way before 1997, but the general public knew very little about it back then...

[daniel1212]

You’ll probably appreciate this site http://www.oldversion.com/

Yes, i have been there, but PhoneTray free (ver. 1.39) is not there, and at least one site that offers it infects it (I did not install it, thank God). I save such. I even got permission from the author of a nice replacement for Windows WordPad to host it on my site as a courtesy, since it has the unique option of AutoPaste, which once selected, pastes whatever you copy into a document. The author was a teen in the Netherlands when he wrote it, ceased to support, but while it was made for Windows 9x it works under Win. 10, though getting the options set takes a certain method. And rename the

" alt="" border="0"> shield

peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org\TextShield_Setup.exe

I think he told me he got it to run in Linux.

[daniel1212]

Well, I know that the “internet” was out there way before 1997, but the general public knew very little about it back then...

More so than you may think. Ask AOL.

[daniel1212]

Just did a live boot of Cinnamon. Wireless is better than the last two, with the system tray icin actually showinng your % strength of the connect via R. click pop up, whole connections were listed in order of strength. But no Linux yet has dual band enabled, which under Windows requires the driver from the manufacturer.

The Programs menu was better, and as I like the All applications option, though i do not like the layout as much as i like the Classic Start Menu for Windows, but Disks suffered from the same sparsity of info (no right click menu, nor any info on how much free space) as Mint XFCE. The free space info is provided under Files and navigating to the Windows dive it showed 126GB free on the empty (118GB in Windows) partition, with a location as /media/mint. Which is the same location as the larger partition, shown as having 292GB free. "Computer" on the desktop shows the same.

Launching Install Linux Mint, the disks had to be umounted, which Fedoa never asked about. And it also proved the option to install Mint alongside the "multiple operating systems" it thinks this notebook has. I wanted to install Mint on the empty partition, and choosing the "Something else" option It wants you to choose the drive and boot loader location, and i choose the 126GB free partition. However, Mint wanted to install the boot loader on the flash drive, and fo which the installer showed no type, size, used space for, unlike the other drives and partitions, so i changed that to the Windows C drive.

However, trying to install to the empty drive resulted in the error i have had to deal with in other custom Linux installs on a drive, "no root file system is defined," and no offer is made to do so ("advanced partitioning" brings you to the same window as tye "Something else" option, so I went back and choose Mint's offer to install it alongside Windows on the large partition.

Under this option Mint enables some resizing, btwn the NTFS partition listed as "Files" and the Mint partition, so I gave about 49GB to Mint and 77 to Files. Proceeding from there, Mint created the partitions it needed that I wanted it to on the spare empty partition, and Mint was installed.

I rebooted into Mint fine after selecting it from the boot menu it made. However , now Windows 7 will not load. The files are there, and there was not options to change the boot loader location after i choose Mint's offer to install it alongside Windows, but as of now Windows is inaccessible. I will have to make a Win 7 repair disk.

[daniel1212]

Well, got Windows back quick, thank God for using these step, bootrec /fixmbr, bootrec /fixboot, but now there is no Linux boot option. Now its about time to sleep.

[Openurmind]

I think it may have have been all the stuff you already tried messing you up somehow. Or any third party install programs. Mine has installed dual boot over windows flawlessly now on three machines.

Since it looks like the same thing has happened with both installs with not seeing windows it could be a conflict between the two concerning UEFI/Bios boot issues.

Which version is it? Because they played with the installer on 19 and 19.1. This is why I recommend the 18.3 package. It can always be updated later using the update manager. But I’m letting the dust settle a bit on those.

Now let me tell you something weird I have found with Linux. Sometimes things take a few tries to show up. They installed, they are there, but sometimes there is a lag before they actually show up in the menus. Sometimes after I install something they are not always in the menu the first time I go look for it. I can close the menu and go back again and then it is there. It is so minor it doesn’t bother me but it is a strange little quirk.

Now on second thought, I seem to remember that I had to reboot mine a couple times before all the boot options actually showed up in the start up boot list after the install. But on my Wife’s they showed up right away the next boot.

Yours might have fixed it’s self after a couple boot ups.

[daniel1212]

Good morning, and thanks for responding.

I think it may have have been all the stuff you already tried messing you up somehow. Or any third party install programs

No, as described, on this install after abandoning the custom ("something else") install (since Mint would not treat the empty partition as it would the Windows drive and thus create the root partition it needs in it, and I did not want to mess with that), then i simply went with Mint's offer to "Install Linux Mint alongside" the other OS.

And on this install I used no third party install programs, but had created a nice large empty partition install under Windows for it, but "Install Linux Mint alongside" meant that does not enable you to choose the empty partition, nor where the boot loader goes.

Which version is it? Because they played with the installer on 19 and 19.1. This is why I recommend the 18.3 package.

It is 19.1, which should be an improvement, and they should enable not simply choosing your own destination but once one does, it should automatically create the needed partitions within it, and default to the correct location for the bootloader, which instead it wanted to put in a 15.9gb partition.

Now let me tell you something weird I have found with Linux. Sometimes things take a few tries to show up. They installed, they are there, but sometimes there is a lag before they actually show up in the menus. Sometimes after I install something they are not always in the menu the first time I go look for it. I can close the menu and go back again and then it is there. It is so minor it doesn’t bother me but it is a strange little quirk.

Yes, strange but try hitting F5 in the refreshes as in Win.

Yours might have fixed it’s self after a couple boot ups.

No, this a problem of the bootloader being in the wrong place, or messing it up.

Here are the Windows drives (3: one HD and two removable) and partitions (4 on the HD, with the two on the right apparently being what Linux created, one 72GB NTFS in the partition that it labelled 118GB (before it Linux split it that was its size), and then the 46GB one.

And the bootloader location from windows command prompt, bcdedit:

In Mint 19.1 installations, you are given the option

Which results in this, the two partitions shown in Windows on the right side of the above.

The only other option, under "Something else," results in this multiple choice option, with the bootloader defaulting to the USB:

I founds the Screenshot utility to take pics in Mint.

Next step is to try to edit the Windows boot loader and add Mint to it.

I usually do not have or would not take the time to fool around with Linux, but in the light of promotions for it I have been wanting to give it another shot, and describe some differences btwn it and Windows. So far it is not looking very good, though i need to add that sometime Win. 7 will boot with a offer to repair the loader, which it cannot do, but Start windows normally works nonetheless.

[Openurmind]

“It is 19.1, which should be an improvement, and they should enable not simply choosing your own destination but once one does, it should automatically create the needed partitions within it, and default to the correct location for the bootloader, which instead it wanted to put in a 15.9gb partition. “

The 18.3 installer does do this. It gives you the option to do it manually or auto with a slider if I remember right. And it does create the partitions for you. From what you show here it is obviously a different installer altogether.

Did you play with the windows dual boot options at all first? You don’t want to even mess with these. The linux does it’s thing counting on this to not be in place.

I don’t know man. All three of my installs went fine and did what it was supposed to do smoothly over default undoctored windows. Over three different Windows OS versions, one XP 32 bit emachine, One win 7 64 bit AZUS, and one brand new win 10 HP.

I hope you find the issue so that we all know what hung it up. That kind of information is priceless.

[daniel1212]

Edit, the second image was sppd to be this: