Regarding your greater curiosities and what is or is not settled science in the real of cosmology (not to be confused with cosmetology), I will just quote Ferris Beuller:
I quote John Lennon, "I don't believe in Beatles, I just believe in me." Good point there. After all, he was the walrus. I could be the walrus. I'd still have to bum rides off people.
Well Ferris did have a few things figured out.