Greeks then Roman. Prior to that all sorts of regional superpowers.
The argument of nincompoops usually involves some claim that Israel “stole” land or “annexed” Palestine. Palestine was never a nation. That’s the point. There was never a single government associated with the sole governance of “Palestine.”
I do admit, it gets a little more complicated when folks understand the boarder changes associated with war in the region over the years. It is also complicated by the governance agreements that Israel has conceded in the past. Israel has certainly taken land after wars in which they were attacked. But so did Russia after WWII and many other countries. And this is what many of them hang their hat on in the intellectual argument about Israel.