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We Still Don't Know How Fast The Universe Is Expanding
Forbes ^ | 12 Jan, 2017 | Ethan Siegel

Posted on 01/13/2017 6:13:38 PM PST by MtnClimber

Once we discovered that the Universe was expanding, the next scientific step was to determine what the rate of expansion was. Despite the fact that it's been more than 80 years, we still don't have agreement on how fast that rate actually is. By looking at the largest cosmic scales and the oldest signals -- the leftover radiation from the Big Bang and the largest-scale galaxy correlations -- we get one number for the rate: 67 km/s/Mpc. But if we look at individual stars, galaxies, supernovae and other direct indicators, we get another number: 74 km/s/Mpc. The uncertainties are very small: ±1 on the first number and ±2 on the second; statistically, there's less than a 0.1% chance these numbers will reconcile with one another.....

In 1923, Edwin Hubble was using the world's largest telescope to look for novae in other galaxies. I shouldn't say "galaxies" just yet, because humanity wasn't yet certain what those spirals in the sky were. While looking at the largest one -- M31, now known as the Andromeda galaxy -- he saw first one, then a second, then a third nova. But when the fourth one came, it would change everything. It occurred in the exact same location as the first, which was an impossibility, since novae takes centuries or more to recharge, yet this one had recurred in less than a week. Excitedly, Hubble crossed out the first "N" he wrote and replaced it, in red, with "VAR!" He realized it was a variable star, and since the physics of that particular class of variable star was known, he could calculate the distance to Andromeda. He showed it was well outside of the Milky Way, making it a galaxy unto itself. It was the greatest observation of a single star in astronomical history.

(Excerpt) Read more at forbes.com ...


TOPICS: Astronomy
KEYWORDS: hubbleconstant; universe
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To: MtnClimber

But we know that plant food (CO2) is going to kill us all........./s


21 posted on 01/13/2017 7:17:54 PM PST by Lurkinanloomin (Natural Born Citizen Means Born Here Of Citizen Parents)
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To: MtnClimber

I am going out on a limb here and say it is expanding pretty darn fast.


22 posted on 01/13/2017 7:18:02 PM PST by minnesota_bound
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To: Henchster

Who said the universe is infinite? How do they know?


23 posted on 01/13/2017 7:18:37 PM PST by ctdonath2 ("If anyone will not listen to your words, shake the dust from your feet and leave them." - Jesus)
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To: Lurkina.n.Learnin

“But, but I thought science knew everything. So sayeth the Democrats.”

I know the head of the physics department at the local college. He’s lectured at Fermilab. He once told me that every scientific “fact” should be prefaced by the statement “At our present level of ignorance we assume that.......”


24 posted on 01/13/2017 7:20:02 PM PST by CrazyIvan (Fidel and Che are together again, and it ain't on a t-shirt.)
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To: MtnClimber

This story fits with the youtube ufo stories


25 posted on 01/13/2017 7:20:40 PM PST by kjam22 (America need forgiveness from God..... even if Donald Trump doesn't)
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To: MtnClimber

It’s all relative.


26 posted on 01/13/2017 7:28:05 PM PST by HandyDandy (Don't make up stuff. It wastes time.)
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To: kjam22

Really?


27 posted on 01/13/2017 7:28:26 PM PST by MtnClimber (For photos of Colorado scenery and wildlife, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
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To: ctdonath2; Henchster
Who said the universe is infinite?

I was about to ask the same question...

There may be an infinite number of universes, but that too is conjecture.
28 posted on 01/13/2017 7:28:58 PM PST by rottndog ('Live Free Or Die' Ain't just words on a bumber sticker...or a tagline.)
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To: MtnClimber
"We Still Don't Know How Fast The Universe Is Expanding"

But we know it is caused by man.

29 posted on 01/13/2017 7:31:35 PM PST by UnwashedPeasant (I told you so)
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To: rottndog

“Who said the universe is infinite?”

NASA has been telling us that forever. Probably because they don’t want us to know what’s on the other side. {:^)


30 posted on 01/13/2017 7:31:52 PM PST by Henchster (Free Republic - the BEST site on the web!)
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To: rottndog


"This is too much!"
31 posted on 01/13/2017 7:35:42 PM PST by dfwgator
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To: Bullish

“L. Ron Hubbard”

Just another Howard Hughes-Timothy Leary sort of wannabe.


32 posted on 01/13/2017 7:36:49 PM PST by equaviator (There's nothing like the universe to bring you down to earth.)
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To: Henchster

NASA....Truman Show directors....


33 posted on 01/13/2017 7:37:32 PM PST by rottndog ('Live Free Or Die' Ain't just words on a bumber sticker...or a tagline.)
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To: MtnClimber

It’s not.


34 posted on 01/13/2017 7:38:21 PM PST by TruthInThoughtWordAndDeed (Yahuah Yahusha)
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To: ctdonath2

When you hot, you hot
When you cold, you not


35 posted on 01/13/2017 7:39:14 PM PST by equaviator (There's nothing like the universe to bring you down to earth.)
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To: HandyDandy
It’s all relative.

You may be right. We my not know all the variables in what we think are constants.

36 posted on 01/13/2017 7:41:31 PM PST by MtnClimber (For photos of Colorado scenery and wildlife, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
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To: MtnClimber

Hundreds years from now Scientist will look back and laugh at out ignorance.


37 posted on 01/13/2017 7:44:28 PM PST by heights
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To: heights
Hundreds years from now Scientist will look back and laugh at out ignorance.

Probably something that will be repeated every few hundred years. Two hundred years ago was 1817. What did we know then? We did not even know about galaxies.

38 posted on 01/13/2017 7:51:27 PM PST by MtnClimber (For photos of Colorado scenery and wildlife, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
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To: MtnClimber

Expansion takes time. Maybe time is an illusion.


39 posted on 01/13/2017 7:54:13 PM PST by Ray76 (DRAIN THE SWAMP)
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To: MtnClimber

We don’t even know what Gravity is. I was amazed to read in the article that we have only been aware that the Andromeda Galaxy is outside of the Milky Way galaxy since 1932. I was born into a world that readily accepted this. It wasn’t even known at the time my father was born.


40 posted on 01/13/2017 7:55:55 PM PST by HandyDandy (Don't make up stuff. It wastes time.)
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