The peripherals and their connectors had to withstand up to 2,000 volts not just 240V. But the charge was delivered from a specified capacitor charged to that voltage, per the specifications. It modeled the human body, and was to ensure that our device would survive if some human joker scuffled their feet across the carpet and then picked it up and drew a spark.
Possibly there's more capacitance in this USB device, thus more total stored charge, albeit at a lower voltage.
Thanks to Swordmaker for the ping!!