Interpreting the prominent participation of immigrants in the Republican opposition party as evidence of a relationship between foreigners and disloyalty, Federalists championed tighter restrictions for foreigners and critics of their policies. The Naturalization Act of 1798 increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, required aliens to declare their intent to acquire citizenship five years before it could be granted, and made persons from 'enemy' nations ineligible for naturalization. The act consequently deprived Republicans of an important source of political support. Aliens were specifically affected by two other acts, which authorized their deportation if they were deemed 'dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States' and their wholesale incarceration or expulsion by presidential executive order during wartime. Under the Sedition Act, even the rights of American citizens were curtailed by prohibiting assembly 'with intent to oppose any measure ... of the government' and made it illegal for any person to 'print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, and malicious writing' against the government. Armed with these statutes, Federalists attempted to suppress Republican opposition on the basis of ideological differences -- most successfully prosecuting newspaperman Thomas Cooper and Republican congressman Matthew Lyon. These controversies provoked the first probing of the constitutional limits on free speech, the press, and the rights of an organized political opposition. When Thomas Jefferson became president, enforcement of the Alien and Sedition Acts ended. The sedition and incarceration provisions of the acts, however, were resurrected during later wars.
I like John Adams, a lot.
For one thing, he was important in getting George Washington appointed commander of the Continental Army, in 1775.
But Adams was defeated for reelection in 1801 by a somewhat more populist politician, Thomas Jefferson.
No need to rehearse that election, except to say that Jefferson was Trump to Adams' Cruz.
But it does seem to me that another Adams, his son John Quincy, at first defeated, but then was also defeated by the populist "Trump" of his day, Andrew Jackson.
So, we can say that when populism opposes constitutionalism, populism often wins.
Then, somehow, the Republic survives, so maybe we'll survive Trump too.
But not Hillary, God help us, not Hillary.