Relative to a “vehicle” of his time (or even a modern day space vehicle) it was (is) extraordinarily rapid.
When compared to the universe, not so much.
The limitation on the speed of anything is a constraint imposed by the geometry of the universe, in which the space and time dimensions are not independent of each other, but are constrained to obey ds2 = ημνdxμdxν.
With this restriction in mind, Galileo was entirely [although fortuitously] correct: light moves not only "extraordinarily rapidly," but it moves at the fastest speed that anything material can.