I would suspect the most likely problem is nematodes in the soil, as the curcubit family are notoriously impacted by them.
Absent a soil test, I would consider Johnny's method of soil sterilization this summer in a 20 X 20 foot section of tilled soil ,
covered with 6 mil transparent plastic until the soil hits 140 - 160 degrees. That would eliminate nematodes in time for a late summer planting.
I think hubby said last year that he was going to try something like that in the patch where he tried the zukes last year. It was a brand new semi raised bed, and I’m not sure who brought the top soil in or where it came from.
I was thinking cuke bettles, but it could be nematodes that’s for sure. Hubby just laid plastic over the bed he will use for the corn patch.
I’ll have to get to it later too much on my plate right now. I am not planting any thing in half my beds till late May or early June.