Our form of government is unique and reflects what the States were doing at the time, more than the Brit system.
The Federal Senate was modeled on the existing Maryland Senate and retained State representation, in modified form from the Articles of Confederation.
Congress has plenty of power over courts. It doesn’t use them because the ruling class generally likes the results.
So, it was the Maryland senate that was the model for the federal Senate. The NW Territorial Senate was clearly modeled on someone's idea of a high court and not the Maryland Senate ~ most likely because the Old Northwest was made up mostly of former Virginia land claims.
I think it's safe to say there were conflicting currents of thought ~ which is probably why the Federalists found it so easy to snake their Supreme Court into a position of equality ~ and even superiority.
We probably ought to undo that.