[AlmaKing]

Roman civilisation started its climb maybe 500 BC or so at its oldest. This study says these genes were introduced circa 2000 BC.

[Polybius]

Roman civilisation started its climb maybe 500 BC or so at its oldest. This study says these genes were introduced circa 2000 BC.

I saw that but the hypothesis seemed to be "Iron Age migration" without considering other factors or explaining why they though the DNA was already there before the Roman conquest at the time of Clauduis.

Maybe the geneticist was used to thinking in terms of peaceful migrations and not in terms of strategic military retreats, desperate military stands and the defensibility of montainous regions as compared to the lowlands.

In Spain, at the shock of the Moorish invasion in 711 A.D., the Visogothic DNA that had been concentrated in central and southern Spain, within a couple of years, became concentrated in Asturias. This had nothing to do with peaceful migrations and everything to do with strategic military retreats and the defensibility of the Cantabrian Mountains.

Iberian Peninsula DNA Project .... In 711 CE, a Moorish Umayyad army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Christian Spain. .... Many of the ousted Gothic nobles took refuge in the unconquered north Asturian highlands. From there they aimed to reconquer their lands from the Moors: this war of reconquest is known as the Reconquista.