Posted on 03/09/2011 3:59:16 PM PST by decimon
New brain imaging study reveals the structures that support color synesthesia
Milan, Italy, 9 March 2011 – The Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman once wrote in his autobiographical book (What do you care what other people think?): "When I see equations, I see letters in colors - I don't know why […] And I wonder what the hell it must look like to the students." This neurological phenomenon is known to psychologists as synaesthesia and Feynman's experience of "seeing" the letters in colour was a specific form known today as "grapheme-colour" synaesthesia. What is perhaps most puzzling about this condition is that people actually claim to see two colours simultaneously when reading letters or numbers: the real colour of the ink (e.g. black) and an additional – synaesthetic – colour . Now a new study, published in the March 2011 issue of Elsevier's Cortex (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00109452) has revealed the patterns of brain activity that allow some people to experience the sensation of "seeing" two colours at the same time.
A group of researchers in Norway used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the brain activity patterns of two grapheme-colour synaesthetes, as they looked at letters written in different colours, presented on a screen while inside an MRI scanner. The participants had previously been asked to indicate the synaesthetic colours that they associated with given letters and were then presented with single letters whose physical colour sometimes corresponded to the synaesthetic colour and other times was clearly different.
Prof. Bruno Laeng from the University of Oslo, along with colleagues Kenneth Hugdahl and Karsten Specht from the University of Bergen, had reasoned that increasing the similarity between the physical and synaesthetic colours should affect the level of activity seen in areas of the brain known to be important for colour processing, and their results confirmed this expectation, revealing that the strength of the observed brain activity was correlated with the similarity of the colours.
The authors concluded that the same brain areas that support the conscious experience of colour also support the experience of synaesthetic colours, allowing the two to be "seen" at the same time. This supports the view that the phenomenon of colour synaesthesia is perceptual in nature.
###
Notes to Editors:
The article is "The neural correlate of colour distances revealed with competing synaesthetic and real colours" by Bruno Laeng, Kenneth Hugdahl, Karsten Specht, and appears in Cortex, Volume 47, Issue 3 (March 2011), published by Elsevier in Italy. Full text of the article featured above is available to members of the media upon request. Please contact the Elsevier press office, newsroom@elsevier.com. To schedule an interview, contact Prof. Bruno Laeng, bruno.laeng@psykologi.uio.no.
About Cortex
Cortex is an international journal devoted to the study of cognition and of the relationship between the nervous system and mental processes, particularly as these are reflected in the behaviour of patients with acquired brain lesions, normal volunteers, children with typical and atypical development, and in the activation of brain regions and systems as recorded by functional neuroimaging techniques. It was founded in 1964 by Ennio De Renzi. The Editor in-chief of Cortex is Sergio Della Sala, Professor of Human Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh. Fax: 0131 6513230, e-mail: cortex@ed.ac.uk. Cortex is available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00109452
About Elsevier
Elsevier is a world-leading publisher of scientific, technical and medical information products and services. The company works in partnership with the global science and health communities to publish more than 2,000 journals, including The Lancet and Cell, and close to 20,000 book titles, including major reference works from Mosby and Saunders. Elsevier's online solutions include SciVerse ScienceDirect, SciVerse Scopus, Reaxys, MD Consult and Nursing Consult, which enhance the productivity of science and health professionals, and the SciVal suite and MEDai's Pinpoint Review, which help research and health care institutions deliver better outcomes more cost-effectively.
A global business headquartered in Amsterdam, Elsevier employs 7,000 people worldwide. The company is part of Reed Elsevier Group PLC, a world-leading publisher and information provider, which is jointly owned by Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. The ticker symbols are REN (Euronext Amsterdam), REL (London Stock Exchange), RUK and ENL (New York Stock Exchange).
Synthesis ping.
I have synaesthesia—I see music in color. Never knew I had it until I read about it as a teenager.
I'm sure you could DVR the episode on Ingenious Minds on the Science Channel.
Mr. Robison's website and book:
Synaesthesia has different manifestations. Letters and numbers only have the color of the ink or electrons they are printed with.
Movement, however, has sound, which is independent of any sound actually associated with it. For example, today I saw an ambulance with flashing lights but no siren. The red lights flashed with a distinctly different tone than the yellow lights. They sounded a lot like European sirens.
I wonder if a lot of composers have motion/sound synaethesia. That would explain how Beethoven was able to compose, even though he was deaf.
I’ve heard colors before. I think it’s innate. Most filter it out as they grow older. Just my opinion.
Feynman. He wasn't German enough for Feynmann. ;-)
I have grapheme-color synesthesia. I see numbers and letters in color. Even in different alphabets.
About 1 in 2500 people have G-C synesthesia. It would be interesting to know how exactly this type of synesthesia developed, since it couldn’t have existed before writing was invented. Synesthesia exists in other forms (like associating taste with musical notes) which could have existed in pre-writing times, but most of its forms have to do with letters, so it must have developed after the advent of writing.
My brain hurts.
A baby aspirin should do. ;-)
Do the colors correspond to anything relevant, like one might color code email, etc., according to sender, or are they random and arbitrary?
The colors correspond to musical keys and they're colored like this: E = black, F = brown, G = green, A = yellow, B = blue, C = dark blue/violet, D = clear. They've never changed, and the keys also have an emotional/spiritual meaning for me. For instance, E is evil, A is love, sunshine, happiness, and D is God.
That sounds exciting. Your brain seems to being do some advanced parallel processing of a particular sort. Mine has trouble with black and white. :-)
From what I’ve read synaesthesia is fairly common and is just an overlapping of two or more of the sensory portions of the brain. With me, for instance, my auditory and color senses overlap resulting in “seeing” music in color.
It is the overlapping concept that is interesting. Unless they are talking about physical crossovers in synapses it still seems to be a form of parallel processing and then merging of a particular type of stimuli.
I am well aware of how miraculous the brain is but this is an area that is new to me. I wonder if will, or desire, has anything to do with it, even if subconsciously? You said the phenomenon corresponds with certain emotion producing concepts like evil, etc., so perhaps so.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.