I recall reading claims like this back in the 1970s from a British firm doing defense work. I think it was Plessy.
The problem is, of course, to try to null out the transmitted signal to get at the received signal coming back to you on the same transmission line. This would mean a null of at least 130 decibels on the transmitted signal.
You'd have to start with the mother-of-all directional couplers and then back that up with some black magic DSP on the front end of the receiver.
Even changing reflections of the transmitted signal off nearby objects would bollix the null, requiring some extraordinary technology to maintain it.
But therein may lie an interesting application for 'continuous-wave' radar.
I'm still using two tin cans and a piece of waxed string to communicate!