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In order to show how an adjective is used, you kinda have to use nouns. (Like, duh.) The relevant usage examples of natural-born and native-born entered the language as modifiers of the noun subject.

Of course they did, because there were no English citizens at that time, only subjects. But that does not mean that "natural born citizens" have the same requirments relative to birth in the country or outside it to other natural born citizens, as "natural born subjects" had. Changing the one word changes the meaning of the "term of art". In English or French. The representatives of the French Monarchy wrote "sujects naturels" in that treaty of commerce with the fledgling US (in conjunction with French speaking US diplomats, most likely Ben Franklin himself, who was at the time the US ambassador to France), while Vattel wrote "naturels" while writing of "cityons" and did so earlier than that treaty was written.