Look at the philosophers that influenced the climate in which the constitution was written. Concepts of justice were founded in divine law, written law, common law. Divine law drew from Christian principles. Ask yourself, what is justice and where does it come from during that time? Forget about your diagrams. Who created the concept of inalienable rights? What is a right? Where did such rights come from?
Human rights adhere to self-conscious beings capable of making volitional moral choices.
How these beings got that way is a matter of debate between those who believe in creation and those who believe it happened by a series of natural accidents.
I believe in both. God created the universe and natural law did the rest ... with a little Divine tweaking once in a while.