Supplemental:
The Fight for the Right to Travel to Cuba Chronology
The U.S. has had restrictions on travel to Cuba for most of the past 40 years. While the Constitutional right to travel was technically won in a 1958 Supreme Court decision, the U.S. government and its ideological allies have tried to prevent us from traveling through a variety of legal, extra legal, and illegal means. Since the beginning, people have fought back vigorously and continuously for our right to travel to Cuba.
In the 1950’s the US government attempted to curtail our right to travel through passport controls (either by not issuing a passport to certain persons – Paul Robeson and Rockwell Kent were the most famous) or – when that method failed to survive court challenges – by listing countries in the passport which were ‘invalid’ for travel. When this method also failed in court, the government switched from ‘travel controls’ to ‘currency controls’. The current restrictions on travel to Cuba come under the Treasury Department - and not the State Department- because they have to do with the spending of money by US citizens, residents, and corporations. Of course, these ‘currency controls’ are just a back door method to restrict our right to travel.
(snip)
The Student Committee for Travel to Cuba used some type of diplomatic access/routes. So if Robeson took the kids on a class trip there, his personal passport probably probably wasn’t needed.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB158/19631212.pdf
Excerpt:
(2) We cannot provide protection for personstravelling there through normal diplomatic channels;
WOW....
“...In 1958 his autobiography, “Here I Stand,” was published in Britain. That same yea, his passport was returned to him and he gave the two concerts in Carnegie Hall to celebrate his vindication...