Well, if I remember Latin correctly, it means "beware the fury of a patient man."
But perhaps the Latin is rusty?
I got a similar sentiment when I googled the phrase. From Bartlett's:
NUMBER: 2939
AUTHOR: John Dryden (1631-1700)
QUOTATION: Beware the fury of a patient man. Note 1
ATTRIBUTION: Absalom and Achitophel. Part i. Line 1005.
Note 1. Furor fit læsa sæpius patientia (An over-taxed patience gives way to fierce anger.Publius Syrus: Maxim 289.