Posted on 02/15/2005 7:12:00 AM PST by furball4paws
Laboratory Speciation in Helianthus Evolves a Native Species
DNA examination of five species of Helianthus (H. annuus, H. petiolarus fallax, H. anomalus, H. paradoxus, and H. deserticola) suggested that H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax are the evolutionary parents of the other three species (Rieseberg 1993, 1995, 1993). All five species are self-incompatible and fertile. Typically, H. annuus (the ancestor of the commercial sunflower) and H. petiolarus fallax form hybrids that are almost fully sterile. However, the few fertile hybrids, when subjected to sib-matings and back crossing regimes yield a new species that is fully fertile and cannot cross with either of the parental species. This new species is virtually identical to H. anomalus. The produced species is genetically isolated from the parents by chromosomal barriers. "Under laboratory conditions these changes are repeatable across independent experiments" (Niklas, p.64). The laboratory derived H. anomalus readily crosses with the native H. anomalus. Results indicate that H. deserticola and H. paradoxus may also have arisen via hybridization of H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax. These two species have different synthetic capabilities from the parents and live in sandier and drier soils. Hybrid speciation may be common in plants where hybrids often form (see Gilia sp., Grant, 1966, Stebbins, 1959, Arnold, 1995), but is presumed rare in animals where hybrids are less common (however, see the minnow Gila seminuda, Bellini, 1994). Experiments to confirm the evolutionary parents of H. deserticola and H. paradoxus have not been performed. 1. Based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis results, the Theory of Evolution predicts that H. annuus and H. pertiolarus fallax are evolutionary ancestors of H. anomalus, H. deserticola and H. paradoxus. 2. Hybrids of H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax subjected to different regimes (at least 3) of back crossing and sib-matings, all converged into a new plant species with "nearly identical gene combinations" (Rieseberg) as the native species H. anomalus. This confirms the natural evolutionary parents of H. anomalus as predicted.
References 1. Arnold, J and S.A. Hodges. 1995. Are Natural Hybrids Fit or Unfit Relative to Their Parents? Trends Ecol. Evol. 10:67-71. 2. Bullini, L. 1994. Origin and Evolution of Animals by Hybrid Animal Species. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9:422-6. 3. Futuyma, D.J. 1998. Evolutionary Biology. 3rd. Edition, Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA. 4. Grant, V. 1966. The Origin of a New Species of Gilia in a Hybridization Experiment. Genetics 54:1189-99. 5. Niklas, K.J. 1997. The Evolutionary Biology of Plants. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 6. Rieseberg, L.H. 1995. The Role of Hybridization in Evolution: Old Wine in New Skins. Amer. J. Bot. 82:944-53. 7. Rieseberg, L.H., and N.C. Ellstrand. 1993. What Can Molecular and Morphological Markers Tell Us About Plant Hybridization? Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 12:213-41. 8. Rieseberg, L.H., B. Sinervo, C.R. Linden, M. Ungerer and D.M. Arias. 1996. Role of Gene Interactions in Hybrid Speciation: Evidence from Ancient and Experimental Hybrids. Science 272:741-44.A
Nice, neat, repeatable and meets all scientific criteria for a definitive experiment.
If we were on /. your karma would be crashing for that one... (but I don't necesarily disagree) :P
Someone complained. Figuring out who that someone is based on the posts thus far is left as an exercise for the reader.
"t just one of the many mechanisms of evolution, and this study is not limited to simply hybridization."
Thank you - it seems so obvious to me that I sometimes overlook the possibility of selective reading. It really is a neat experiment.
Well...
-- Believe Me if All Those Endearing Young Charms
Vade could could that insipid song playing in my head all day long, for one thing.
Mud in your eye - or a sharp stick in their eye?
I wonder what the hyper-ventilation rate is amongst the flat headed after they read that flower story?
As a biologist, I'd like to see such an event. Fish lay eggs, not give birth to either fish or frogs.
But, as long as such an event is being requested, can I append an amendment to require tasty bullfrogs?
Actually a new species arising = macroevolution.
When all you have is worms, isn't it time to go fishing?
What do your guppies do? The ones I had gave birth to little guppies.
Maybe not. The thread's
just a kind of VANITY
with no news hotlink . . .
It's more than the usual and customary macroevolution. It pretty much confirms the origin of a naturally occurring species; it breaks the chromosome discontinuity barrier; it demonstrates that new organisms can find a mate in existing populations. Three birds, one stone.
Er, some wisemouth evolutionist asking why, if evolution didn't happen, Friar Mendel hasn't been posthumously ex-communicated?
O.K. (Just a little from a quick search at PubMed):
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Wrong definition. When dealing with creationists, "microevolution" is the stuff that they have to admit has occured because it has been observed, and "macroevolution" is the "stuff that will never happen, ever" until it does happen, at which point that specific event -- and nothing else -- suddenly falls into the category of "microevolution" (with no apologies for claiming that it was impossible in the first place).
Is there any chance that this thread could be put back into the forum where it began? This is a good science thread, and all the others like it are posted in, and remain in, the "news/activism" forum.
"What do your guppies do? The ones I had gave birth to little guppies."
Don't they still lay eggs? They just hatch inside instead of outside. Like some snakes. What's the word, oviparous (or something like that?)
LOL! Correction accepted.
Oviparous = egg-laying. I forget, I was kid when I had the guppies and never really checked into it. I'll check it out.
Sorry, but Vger changed it's mind and doesn't want input from the creator.
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