Grants based on results the grantee wants to see.
That's because "The science is settled."
For our ornithology research, that was never explicitly or implicitly stated. Our group put together a proposal. If it got accepted - good. If not, we found other funding streams if available.
We moved to a private funding model 7-8 years ago. It actually works out quite well. Again, no explicit or implicit result expectations. It also means our group has greater say in how the data sets get released and to who. We’ve declined to release data to orgs that are advocacy groups and in one case to a Federal agency working on climate affects on certain bird species, as the Fed agency wanted to use it in additional ways they could not adequately explain. So we declined to provide. The agency researchers were not pleased.