[Cronos]

“the laws of heredity”

The mistake in your analogy is that it reduces human beings to single-trait biological products.

While the basic laws of Mendelian inheritance apply to humans, intelligence is not a single, fixed trait like ‘coat color’ in cattle or ‘pea shape’ in a garden. It is a polygenic phenomenon where thousands of genes interact with an incredibly complex, malleable environment.

Cattle don’t build libraries, establish legal systems, or learn languages that alter the neuroplasticity of their brains.

When you treat society like a farm, you ignore the very thing that differentiates human civilization from livestock: our capacity for culture, innovation, and self-directed change.

If you focus only on ‘breeding’ and ignore the institutional and cultural ‘software’—the values, discipline, and education that allow those genes to express themselves—you’re ignoring the primary driver of human advancement

[ek_hornbeck]

And you seem to ignore the obvious fact that a German or Irishman has more in common both culturally and biologically with an Anglo-American than either have in common with a Somali or a Hmong. So comparing European immigrants from the 19th Century to African, Meso-American, or SE Asian immigrants from today ignores both culture and heredity.

While the basic laws of Mendelian inheritance apply to humans, intelligence is not a single, fixed trait like ‘coat color’ in cattle or ‘pea shape’ in a garden. It is a polygenic phenomenon where thousands of genes interact with an incredibly complex, malleable environment

Yes, IQ is a polygenic trait that's influenced by the environment. That doesn't change the fact that its heritability is approximately 70-80%.