Um, how is the Earth so bright in this pic if the Sun is behind our home?
The brown patch is Africa. The anartic aurora is near the upper right. The earth subtends about 5 degrees when the picture was take from 90,000 miles away.
The brightness depends on the sensitivity of the camera, including the aperture. The brightness of a photograph depends on f/stop, time of exposure, and sensitivity of the medium. Sensitivity is rated by an ISO number. Most photographers know the “sunny f/16 rule”, which says that on a sunny day the correct exposure is ISO 100, expose time is 1/100 seconds and f/stop is f/16. The sun is about 400,000 times as bright as a full moon, so to get the same result by a full moon, you could use f/16, lengthen the exposure 400 times to 4 seconds and boost the ISO of the sensor to 10,000, not a particularly high sensitivity.
Because the Artemis II spacecraft is between the Earth and a full moon, which reflects quite a lot of sunlight back to the Earth. I would also guess that the image has been processed somewhat, to lighten dark areas (much the way an iPhone’s camera processing can even out light and dark areas in low-light photos). You can see that it is in fact nighttime, as the lights of cities like Barcelona, Valencia, and Lisbon are visible, as are scattered lights in Africa.
At the distance of the photograph (90,000 miles) the earth subtends
about 5 degrees. Mercury’s elongation is 3.7 degrees, so I suspect
the bright star at 4 o’clock is Mercury. The fuzzy patches at 1 and 7
o’clock are antarctic and arctic auroras, respectively. The moon is
nearly full. Sunny f/16 rule would indicate something equivalent to
f/16, ISO 10,000 and a four second exposure. YMMV.