See this recent article, “Classification bias and impact of COVID-19 vaccination on all-cause mortality: the case of the Italian region Emilia-Romagna”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08916934.2025.2562972
Basically, the study authors are using official data to attempt to correct for the fact that people who had received at least one injection but had not yet reached two or three weeks past their second injection were often or even always counted as unvaccinated in official statistics, obscuring potential harm in the weeks following initial injection by categorizing people as uninjected who actually weren’t.
The study compares the relative incidence of death of any cause (all-cause mortality) between two groups in the Emilia-Romagna region: those injected with any Covid vaccine dose and those not, during the initial vaccination ramp-up periods, stratified by age: 15 March to 24 May 2021 ramp-up for ages 70-79; 18 April to 23 June 2021 ramp-up for ages 60-69; 7 May to 12 July 2021 ramp-up for ages 50-59.
Summary of the findings: the incidence of all cause death during ramp-up was 3.023 times greater among the vaccinated aged 50-59, 3.866 times greater among the vaccinated aged 60-69, and 4.731 times greater among the vaccinated aged 70-79, at a significance level of p < .0001 in each case.
The study has its weaknesses which the authors discuss.
What needs to be further studied and understood is whether older people—typically believed or assumed to be the group that benefitted the most from Covid vaccination—actually received any net benefit when all data is considered without distortions like miscategorizing injected people as uninjected.
The Covid jab is deadly... we have the data. Study complete. Thank you for the info... but the bottom line is this. Your Government tried to kill you. NOW What are you going to do about it?
All I want say is 7 members of my close relatives had the jabs and not a single adverse effect to anyone. Also 265 million Americans were jabbed. Population of Americans has not changed significantly. That said, the jabs did affect some people adversely. 265 million Americans are still thriving.