Yes, supply chain has a big impact on price. Each step does not double that price, but increments it’s slightly. At the end of the chain the price may have doubled due to the increases on each step of the chain.
Generally speaking 100% is a good estimate. Some markets it’s way more (jewelry goes up 2 to 500%), some it’s a little less. But there’s a cost to every step, that must be recouped, or go out of business.
One thing to remember too when talking about a food market is the thing being sold keeps getting smaller as it progresses through. The guys who buy the cow buy the WHOLE cow, even the bits they aren’t going to be sold, or at best be sold as by product for pennies a pound. Then they cut off all that stuff and mostly just sell the good stuff. So right there the price must go up. Plus of course they have to incur all the costs of storing and processing and transporting. And then the next step is going to “discard” more bits (and store and process and transport) so their sale price must go up.