I wish I remembered how they calculated how old the universe was. Seems the universe is too big to have traveled even at the speed of light from the cosmic egg. Now we find out it was also too mature too early. I’m left wondering if we’re getting enough evidence to reconsider the scale of cosmic hyperinflation. Maybe it was more like the 1970s than Venezuela?
From BRAVE AI:
How Old Universe Was Calculated
The age of the universe is calculated using two main methods. The first method involves measuring the rate of expansion of the universe and extrapolating back to the Big Bang. This is done by determining the Hubble constant, which is a measure of the current expansion rate of the universe.
The Hubble constant (H0) is a measure of the current expansion rate of the universe. Cosmologists use this measurement to extrapolate back to the Big Bang.
The age of the universe is related to the Hubble constant, and it is between 1/Ho and 2/3Ho depending on cosmological models adopted.
The second method involves looking for the oldest stars. Astronomers can place a lower limit to the age of the universe by studying globular clusters. Globular clusters are a dense collection of roughly a million stars. Stellar densities near the center of the globular cluster are enormous. If we lived near the center of one, there would be several hundred thousand stars closer to us than Proxima Centauri, the star nearest to the Sun.
The oldest globular clusters contain only stars less massive than 0.7 solar masses. These low mass stars are much dimmer than the Sun. This suggests that the oldest globular clusters are between 11 and 18 billion years old.
In addition, the age of the universe can be determined by measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The universe started out as scorching plasma, in which packets of light, or photons, were attached to electrons. It eventually cooled enough for photons to break free of the electrons, leave the plasma and scatter throughout space, forming what is now known as the CMB. So, by measuring how far away such scattered light is, scientists get an estimate of how old the universe is.
The first estimate of the age of the universe came from the calculation of when all of the objects must have started speeding out from the same point.
Hubble’s initial value for the universe’s age was very low, as the galaxies were assumed to be much closer than later observations found them to be. The first reasonably accurate measurement of the rate of expansion of the universe, a numerical value now known as the Hubble constant, was made in 1958 by astronomer Allan Sandage. His measured value for the Hubble constant came very close to the value range generally accepted today.
In 2018, the Planck Collaboration updated its estimate for the age of the universe to 13.787±0.020 billion years.
Calculating the age of the universe is accurate only if the assumptions built into the models being used to estimate it are also accurate. This is referred to as strong priors and essentially involves stripping the potential errors in other parts of the model to render the accuracy of actual observational data directly into the concluded result.
The age given is thus accurate to the specified error, since this represents the error in the instrument used to gather the raw data input into the model.
The age of the universe based on the best fit to Planck 2018 data alone is 13.787±0.020 billion years.
A component to the analysis of data used to determine the age of the universe (e.g. from Planck) is to use a Bayesian statistical analysis, which normalizes the results based upon the priors (i.e.
AI-generated answer. Please verify critical facts.
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space.com
How old is the universe? | Space
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livescience.com
How do we know the age of the universe? | Live Science
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en.wikipedia.org
Age of the universe - Wikipedia
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