How do scientists know he was male?
Isn’t biology now under art and philosophy?
I assume you're "Joe King," since they found somatic cells. As far as determining sex goes--as you know--"the Y is why."
If you find Y chromosomes in a body's cells, it's a guy. Females don't have them, no matter how much addadictomy surgery they may have endured.
How do scientists know he was male?
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Rib count. Pelvic girth