Makes sense since titanium has Oxidation States of +2,+3 and +4...................
If someone could figure out a way to use titanium as the mobile charge shuffling ion it’s 4+ state would make it the king of the charge carriers. So far it’s only used as a intercalation element for another mobile charge carrier like lithium. Iron is cheaper and 3+ it also is mobile in alkaline electrolytes. Thomas Edison figured that out in the 1800s. What I would like to see is a molten Iron chloride cell with sodium as the active metal with a ceramic membrane separator. Metallic sodium crosses the membrane ask coorstek to make it. Sodium grabs chloride to form NaCl and Iron metal. On charge you form Cl2+ and turns Fe metal back into Iron chloride salt. Having liquid salts and liquid metal sodium would give virtually unlimited cycles. Iron would be plated out on discharge on carbon foam electrodes. All the materials are super cheap under $10kg using calcium and or magnesium chlorides you can get the melt temp down to under 400F no need for titanium at those temps generic stainless works. Obviously not for mobile use but for solar panel powerwall use perfection. Cheap, unlimited cycle life, the heat on charge and discharge can be used for hot water or house heat so it’s not lost.