Lithium ion is only 30 years old, it has doubled in energy density in that time. The next gen of cells already triples what took 30 years of dev to do. AI modeling and simulation is the difference. Sodium ion is the text book example. It was thought to be impossible to have room temp sodium cells. China’s CATL the largest battery manufacture in the world took them from the lab bench less than 5 years ago into mass production and in sub $10000 electric vehicles this year. These cells have the same energy density as LFP cells which are 3rd gen lithium ion cells. LFP cells themselves are second generation lithium. Iron chloride will take over for LFP it’s cheaper and has more capacity than phosphates.
And all of them will have 10% the energy density of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.