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Transcript
0:01 · on the Main Street of this ancient Roman
0:03 · city is the remains of a grand house
0:06 · with black Mosaic flooring and black
0:09 · painted
0:10 · walls it had a series of shops built
0:13 · into its facade with a uniquely well
0:16 · preserved shop sign and an extraordinary
0:19 · metal worker shop with metal ingots
0:22 · still on its
0:23 · countertop inside the house a rare
0:25 · bundle of tablets was found giving us
0:28 · the story of the life of the
0:31 · occupant this is James from history
0:33 · victorium join us as we explore the
0:36 · house of the black Hall in the city of
0:44 · herculanum the House of the black Hall
0:47 · also called The House of the black room
0:49 · or black Salon is located on the Eastern
0:52 · side of the excavated part of the city
0:54 · of
0:55 · herculanum its main doorway opened onto
0:58 · a wide street called the decumanus
1:01 · Maximus the largest and most important
1:03 · Street in the
1:05 · city this was Prime real estate and many
1:08 · of the houses on this street were among
1:10 · the largest in the
1:12 · city houses like this one often had
1:15 · shops built into the facade to provide
1:17 · additional income to the
1:19 · house these shops could be owned by the
1:22 · occupant or rented out and there were
1:24 · three shops built into this house on the
1:27 · corner of the house is probably my
1:29 · favorite Roman shop anywhere this metal
1:32 · worker shop or Tinker
1:35 · Workshop a statue was left here at the
1:37 · time of the eruption waiting for repair
1:40 · along with a fine candleabra which would
1:43 · have held oil lamps both of these have
1:46 · been moved to the Museum of herculanum
1:48 · and have been replaced by replicas in
1:50 · this shop this statue is of the god of
1:53 · wine bakus holding a leopard skin with a
1:57 · panther at its feet it was made of
2:00 · bronze and also adorned in places with
2:03 · copper and silver such as in the eyes
2:07 · the statue was in the workshop because
2:09 · it needed to be reattached to its
2:11 · base there was also a fine bronze candal
2:14 · Opa with a marble base which was being
2:17 · worked on at the time this one was in
2:20 · the shop because it needed one of its
2:22 · arms to be reattached to the
2:24 · center these items show the quality of
2:27 · workmanship of the shopkeeper and give
2:30 · us some examples of the fine bronze
2:32 · items that were once owned by the people
2:34 · of
2:35 · herculanum scrap metal and metal working
2:38 · tools were also found in the workshop
2:41 · and a crucible was discovered which is a
2:43 · container for heating metals on the
2:46 · floor here are weights of various sizes
2:49 · these may have been used to determine
2:51 · the weight of metal ingots the two lead
2:53 · ingots that were found in the shop were
2:55 · inscribed with their actual weight along
2:58 · with the expected standard
3:01 · weight on the other side of the entrance
3:03 · to the house were two more shops all of
3:06 · the items of this first shop were
3:08 · removed by early tunnelers but on the
3:11 · left side of the shop near the entrance
3:13 · to the house we can still see this
3:15 · uniquely well preserved shop sign which
3:17 · seems to transport us back to a time
3:20 · before the
3:21 · eruption these colored jars represent
3:24 · different types of wine available for
3:26 · sale the prices are shown in copper
3:29 · coins called asses here are some
3:31 · examples of what these coins look like
3:33 · in Roman
3:35 · times the most expensive one is this one
3:38 · on the left which is listed at four
3:40 · assays per six tarus which is a unit of
3:43 · measure around a half liter the sarus is
3:46 · represented by this symbol which looks
3:48 · like a crossed s the next type of wine
3:51 · is priced at three assay per
3:53 · sarus and this is followed by one
3:56 · costing four assays for 1 and a half
3:58 · sexus which comes out to a bit cheaper
4:01 · than the previous wine and the cheapest
4:03 · wine is this one on the right which is
4:05 · just two essays per
4:07 · sarus above these is the name of the
4:10 · former shop and a painted figure with a
4:14 · Garland on his head this is believed to
4:16 · be the Roman god sanus who is associated
4:20 · with keeping Oaths which we would
4:22 · imagine would be important for business
4:24 · person another large sign was found here
4:27 · during excavation showing the name of of
4:29 · the town of Nola which is about 20 M
4:32 · away from
4:33 · herculanum based on other signs and
4:36 · graffiti mentioning NOA this is
4:38 · identified as an advertisement for a
4:40 · gladiatorial contest at the amphitheater
4:43 · of
4:44 · Nola one rare detail was found in
4:46 · between the last two letters l and a the
4:50 · actual signature of the sign writer was
4:52 · found who was apparently a professional
4:55 · painter of these types of
4:57 · advertisements these shops were
4:59 · originally rooms of the house itself but
5:02 · the doors to the shops were blocked up
5:04 · at some point some of the former doors
5:06 · can be seen here from inside the
5:09 · house this final shop on the right still
5:12 · maintains somewhat of a connection to
5:13 · the house a well was found which
5:16 · collected water from the house sistern
5:19 · not much remains of this final shop but
5:21 · we can see a display case with some
5:24 · charred rope and also the remains of
5:26 · beams of the upper story which has been
5:29 · somewhat reconstructed above the
5:31 · original
5:32 · beams the ancient Roman shopkeepers at
5:35 · times lived and slept within the shop
5:38 · and this upper story may be the remains
5:40 · of a small living
5:42 · area preserved wood is much more common
5:45 · in herculanum than in Pompei and some
5:48 · carbonized wooden elements can be seen
5:50 · in these shops including some shelving
5:53 · and support beams in the doors and
5:56 · windows these imposing wooden beams here
6:00 · really help us to get an idea of the
6:02 · former Grandeur of the wide main
6:04 · entrance to the
6:06 · house the house itself was an impressive
6:09 · residence it had a traditional layout of
6:12 · a large Roman
6:14 · house visitors entering into the house
6:16 · today pass into the atrium and still
6:20 · walk upon its original flooring which
6:22 · has some small marble inserts the marble
6:26 · pool in the center is well preserved
6:29 · this would collect water for the sistern
6:31 · below and the water could be accessed
6:33 · using this well here which is in the
6:35 · shape of a small fluted
6:38 · colum this area is surrounded by various
6:41 · rooms which were mostly destroyed by the
6:44 · eruption these rooms included a kitchen
6:47 · and most notably this unusually large
6:50 · rectangular room called the tablinum
6:52 · which is where the owner would normally
6:54 · receive visitors and clients some of the
6:57 · flooring remains with fairly large
7:00 · pieces of expensive marble and some of
7:02 · the well-crafted architectural
7:04 · decoration is still visible on the
7:07 · walls Beyond this room was a garden
7:10 · surrounded by a colonade which is called
7:13 · the
7:13 · peristyle the most prestigious rooms of
7:16 · the house were located in this area
7:18 · including the great black Hall as we can
7:22 · see here the partially destroyed columns
7:25 · surrounding the garden were made from
7:27 · brick covered with fluted stucco
7:30 · these columns are interrupted here so
7:32 · that a visitor entering into the house
7:34 · would have a clear view into the
7:37 · garden this peristyle area has elegant
7:40 · black and white Mosaic flooring which is
7:43 · fairly well preserved today like the
7:45 · black Hall it also once had black
7:48 · painted
7:49 · walls some of the original decoration
7:52 · can still be seen the upper portion of
7:55 · the walls once had a freeze showing
7:57 · Griffins and decorative pots
8:02 · these two rooms here have large windows
8:05 · with marble Sills That Base the garden
8:08 · one of them had access to a small
8:10 · outdoor
8:11 · Shrine the ceilings had a beautifully
8:14 · complex structure to them and are
8:16 · partially vaed no one knows why they
8:19 · were designed this way but it may have
8:21 · made more sense with the furniture that
8:22 · was formerly here much of the ceiling
8:26 · decoration is preserved and on the
8:28 · ceiling here we can just make out the
8:30 · Trident of Neptune or Poseidon who was
8:34 · originally shown in a chariot pulled by
8:36 · sea
8:37 · horses the decoration of these two rooms
8:40 · is particularly wellmade there are thin
8:43 · lines and miniature figures typical of
8:45 · the third style of Roman wall painting I
8:48 · was impressed by these miniature
8:50 · swans but what is notable in these rooms
8:53 · is that we can just see the
8:54 · three-dimensional perspective of the
8:56 · later fourth style such as in in this
8:59 · semicircular metallic looking structure
9:02 · with perched eagles on top this style of
9:06 · decoration blending the third and fourth
9:08 · style is similar to that of the great
9:10 · palace of Rome under Nero the domus Arya
9:14 · The House of the black Hall is the
9:16 · earliest house in all of herculanum to
9:19 · adopt this style of wall painting nearby
9:22 · was the room that gives the house its
9:24 · name the great black Hall with striking
9:27 · black walls and a black SE
9:29 · ceiling the room could be entered via
9:32 · two entrances with marble
9:34 · thresholds these entrances also helped
9:37 · to give lighting to the room with its D
9:39 · ceiling it reached an impressive height
9:42 · of nearly 19 ft it was tall enough to
9:45 · have a small window on the South Wall
9:48 · which rose above the height of the house
9:50 · next door the decoration is more towards
9:53 · the fourth style of Roman wall painting
9:56 · and here we can see remnants of a
9:58 · multistory architectural scene with red
10:01 · hanging
10:03 · curtains nearby we can see some
10:06 · incisions in the wall Beneath The
10:08 · partially destroyed wall
10:09 · painting before the wall was painted
10:12 · incisions were normally made into the
10:15 · plaster to help guide the artist much of
10:18 · which survive here and we could imagine
10:20 · what this would have looked like when it
10:22 · was fully
10:23 · painted in this Hall a wooden Shrine was
10:26 · found in the shape of a small Temple and
10:29 · it it is now on display in a nearby
10:31 · museum that is recently opened the upper
10:34 · story of this house could be accessed
10:35 · from a staircase near this side door in
10:39 · one of the rooms on the Upper Floor a
10:41 · bundle of 39 tablets was found on a red
10:45 · painted shelf this was larger than any
10:47 · bundle of tablets found in Pompei these
10:51 · were important documents for the family
10:52 · of the house we know from these tablets
10:56 · that the occupant was a fredman or
10:58 · former slave named El venius anus and
11:02 · the tablets describe various events in
11:04 · his life including business transactions
11:07 · and the birth of his daughter perhaps
11:10 · the most important of these tablets is
11:12 · this one which shows that he and his
11:15 · family had become Roman
11:17 · citizens according to Roman law at the
11:20 · time the family became eligible after
11:22 · his daughter reached Oney
11:25 · old before finding these tablets the
11:28 · exact process of granting citizenship in
11:30 · a town like this was not known from the
11:33 · tablets we know that there was a meeting
11:35 · of the local officials in the city and
11:38 · also a delegation sent to Rome the
11:41 · tablets record that the decision to
11:43 · Grant citizenship was confirmed in Rome
11:46 · here in the Forum of
11:48 · Augustus other tablets have records of
11:51 · loans and business transactions and in
11:53 · one of them it was recorded that anus
11:56 · also was able to join a religious order
11:58 · called the a
11:59 · Galis it's possible that anus had owned
12:02 · this entire property or only occupied
12:05 · the upstairs portion there's no record
12:08 · of skeletons found in the house and it
12:11 · is not known what happened to the family
12:13 · or why the records were left here at the
12:15 · time of the eruption but the tablets
12:18 · tell us an important story of a former
12:21 · slave that had been freed and become a
12:23 · successful businessman eventually became
12:26 · a Roman citizen with his family and
12:29 · lived in this large and prestigious
12:31 · Roman
12:32 · house hope you enjoyed this if you have
12:35 · anything else to add let us know in the
12:36 · comments and thanks for watching

Transcript
0:01	·	on the Main Street of this ancient Roman
0:03	·	city is the remains of a grand house
0:06	·	with black Mosaic flooring and black
0:09	·	painted
0:10	·	walls it had a series of shops built
0:13	·	into its facade with a uniquely well
0:16	·	preserved shop sign and an extraordinary
0:19	·	metal worker shop with metal ingots
0:22	·	still on its
0:23	·	countertop inside the house a rare
0:25	·	bundle of tablets was found giving us
0:28	·	the story of the life of the
0:31	·	occupant this is James from history
0:33	·	victorium join us as we explore the
0:36	·	house of the black Hall in the city of
0:44	·	herculanum the House of the black Hall
0:47	·	also called The House of the black room
0:49	·	or black Salon is located on the Eastern
0:52	·	side of the excavated part of the city
0:54	·	of
0:55	·	herculanum its main doorway opened onto
0:58	·	a wide street called the decumanus
1:01	·	Maximus the largest and most important
1:03	·	Street in the
1:05	·	city this was Prime real estate and many
1:08	·	of the houses on this street were among
1:10	·	the largest in the
1:12	·	city houses like this one often had
1:15	·	shops built into the facade to provide
1:17	·	additional income to the
1:19	·	house these shops could be owned by the
1:22	·	occupant or rented out and there were
1:24	·	three shops built into this house on the
1:27	·	corner of the house is probably my
1:29	·	favorite Roman shop anywhere this metal
1:32	·	worker shop or Tinker
1:35	·	Workshop a statue was left here at the
1:37	·	time of the eruption waiting for repair
1:40	·	along with a fine candleabra which would
1:43	·	have held oil lamps both of these have
1:46	·	been moved to the Museum of herculanum
1:48	·	and have been replaced by replicas in
1:50	·	this shop this statue is of the god of
1:53	·	wine bakus holding a leopard skin with a
1:57	·	panther at its feet it was made of
2:00	·	bronze and also adorned in places with
2:03	·	copper and silver such as in the eyes
2:07	·	the statue was in the workshop because
2:09	·	it needed to be reattached to its
2:11	·	base there was also a fine bronze candal
2:14	·	Opa with a marble base which was being
2:17	·	worked on at the time this one was in
2:20	·	the shop because it needed one of its
2:22	·	arms to be reattached to the
2:24	·	center these items show the quality of
2:27	·	workmanship of the shopkeeper and give
2:30	·	us some examples of the fine bronze
2:32	·	items that were once owned by the people
2:34	·	of
2:35	·	herculanum scrap metal and metal working
2:38	·	tools were also found in the workshop
2:41	·	and a crucible was discovered which is a
2:43	·	container for heating metals on the
2:46	·	floor here are weights of various sizes
2:49	·	these may have been used to determine
2:51	·	the weight of metal ingots the two lead
2:53	·	ingots that were found in the shop were
2:55	·	inscribed with their actual weight along
2:58	·	with the expected standard
3:01	·	weight on the other side of the entrance
3:03	·	to the house were two more shops all of
3:06	·	the items of this first shop were
3:08	·	removed by early tunnelers but on the
3:11	·	left side of the shop near the entrance
3:13	·	to the house we can still see this
3:15	·	uniquely well preserved shop sign which
3:17	·	seems to transport us back to a time
3:20	·	before the
3:21	·	eruption these colored jars represent
3:24	·	different types of wine available for
3:26	·	sale the prices are shown in copper
3:29	·	coins called asses here are some
3:31	·	examples of what these coins look like
3:33	·	in Roman
3:35	·	times the most expensive one is this one
3:38	·	on the left which is listed at four
3:40	·	assays per six tarus which is a unit of
3:43	·	measure around a half liter the sarus is
3:46	·	represented by this symbol which looks
3:48	·	like a crossed s the next type of wine
3:51	·	is priced at three assay per
3:53	·	sarus and this is followed by one
3:56	·	costing four assays for 1 and a half
3:58	·	sexus which comes out to a bit cheaper
4:01	·	than the previous wine and the cheapest
4:03	·	wine is this one on the right which is
4:05	·	just two essays per
4:07	·	sarus above these is the name of the
4:10	·	former shop and a painted figure with a
4:14	·	Garland on his head this is believed to
4:16	·	be the Roman god sanus who is associated
4:20	·	with keeping Oaths which we would
4:22	·	imagine would be important for business
4:24	·	person another large sign was found here
4:27	·	during excavation showing the name of of
4:29	·	the town of Nola which is about 20 M
4:32	·	away from
4:33	·	herculanum based on other signs and
4:36	·	graffiti mentioning NOA this is
4:38	·	identified as an advertisement for a
4:40	·	gladiatorial contest at the amphitheater
4:43	·	of
4:44	·	Nola one rare detail was found in
4:46	·	between the last two letters l and a the
4:50	·	actual signature of the sign writer was
4:52	·	found who was apparently a professional
4:55	·	painter of these types of
4:57	·	advertisements these shops were
4:59	·	originally rooms of the house itself but
5:02	·	the doors to the shops were blocked up
5:04	·	at some point some of the former doors
5:06	·	can be seen here from inside the
5:09	·	house this final shop on the right still
5:12	·	maintains somewhat of a connection to
5:13	·	the house a well was found which
5:16	·	collected water from the house sistern
5:19	·	not much remains of this final shop but
5:21	·	we can see a display case with some
5:24	·	charred rope and also the remains of
5:26	·	beams of the upper story which has been
5:29	·	somewhat reconstructed above the
5:31	·	original
5:32	·	beams the ancient Roman shopkeepers at
5:35	·	times lived and slept within the shop
5:38	·	and this upper story may be the remains
5:40	·	of a small living
5:42	·	area preserved wood is much more common
5:45	·	in herculanum than in Pompei and some
5:48	·	carbonized wooden elements can be seen
5:50	·	in these shops including some shelving
5:53	·	and support beams in the doors and
5:56	·	windows these imposing wooden beams here
6:00	·	really help us to get an idea of the
6:02	·	former Grandeur of the wide main
6:04	·	entrance to the
6:06	·	house the house itself was an impressive
6:09	·	residence it had a traditional layout of
6:12	·	a large Roman
6:14	·	house visitors entering into the house
6:16	·	today pass into the atrium and still
6:20	·	walk upon its original flooring which
6:22	·	has some small marble inserts the marble
6:26	·	pool in the center is well preserved
6:29	·	this would collect water for the sistern
6:31	·	below and the water could be accessed
6:33	·	using this well here which is in the
6:35	·	shape of a small fluted
6:38	·	colum this area is surrounded by various
6:41	·	rooms which were mostly destroyed by the
6:44	·	eruption these rooms included a kitchen
6:47	·	and most notably this unusually large
6:50	·	rectangular room called the tablinum
6:52	·	which is where the owner would normally
6:54	·	receive visitors and clients some of the
6:57	·	flooring remains with fairly large
7:00	·	pieces of expensive marble and some of
7:02	·	the well-crafted architectural
7:04	·	decoration is still visible on the
7:07	·	walls Beyond this room was a garden
7:10	·	surrounded by a colonade which is called
7:13	·	the
7:13	·	peristyle the most prestigious rooms of
7:16	·	the house were located in this area
7:18	·	including the great black Hall as we can
7:22	·	see here the partially destroyed columns
7:25	·	surrounding the garden were made from
7:27	·	brick covered with fluted stucco
7:30	·	these columns are interrupted here so
7:32	·	that a visitor entering into the house
7:34	·	would have a clear view into the
7:37	·	garden this peristyle area has elegant
7:40	·	black and white Mosaic flooring which is
7:43	·	fairly well preserved today like the
7:45	·	black Hall it also once had black
7:48	·	painted
7:49	·	walls some of the original decoration
7:52	·	can still be seen the upper portion of
7:55	·	the walls once had a freeze showing
7:57	·	Griffins and decorative pots
8:02	·	these two rooms here have large windows
8:05	·	with marble Sills That Base the garden
8:08	·	one of them had access to a small
8:10	·	outdoor
8:11	·	Shrine the ceilings had a beautifully
8:14	·	complex structure to them and are
8:16	·	partially vaed no one knows why they
8:19	·	were designed this way but it may have
8:21	·	made more sense with the furniture that
8:22	·	was formerly here much of the ceiling
8:26	·	decoration is preserved and on the
8:28	·	ceiling here we can just make out the
8:30	·	Trident of Neptune or Poseidon who was
8:34	·	originally shown in a chariot pulled by
8:36	·	sea
8:37	·	horses the decoration of these two rooms
8:40	·	is particularly wellmade there are thin
8:43	·	lines and miniature figures typical of
8:45	·	the third style of Roman wall painting I
8:48	·	was impressed by these miniature
8:50	·	swans but what is notable in these rooms
8:53	·	is that we can just see the
8:54	·	three-dimensional perspective of the
8:56	·	later fourth style such as in in this
8:59	·	semicircular metallic looking structure
9:02	·	with perched eagles on top this style of
9:06	·	decoration blending the third and fourth
9:08	·	style is similar to that of the great
9:10	·	palace of Rome under Nero the domus Arya
9:14	·	The House of the black Hall is the
9:16	·	earliest house in all of herculanum to
9:19	·	adopt this style of wall painting nearby
9:22	·	was the room that gives the house its
9:24	·	name the great black Hall with striking
9:27	·	black walls and a black SE
9:29	·	ceiling the room could be entered via
9:32	·	two entrances with marble
9:34	·	thresholds these entrances also helped
9:37	·	to give lighting to the room with its D
9:39	·	ceiling it reached an impressive height
9:42	·	of nearly 19 ft it was tall enough to
9:45	·	have a small window on the South Wall
9:48	·	which rose above the height of the house
9:50	·	next door the decoration is more towards
9:53	·	the fourth style of Roman wall painting
9:56	·	and here we can see remnants of a
9:58	·	multistory architectural scene with red
10:01	·	hanging
10:03	·	curtains nearby we can see some
10:06	·	incisions in the wall Beneath The
10:08	·	partially destroyed wall
10:09	·	painting before the wall was painted
10:12	·	incisions were normally made into the
10:15	·	plaster to help guide the artist much of
10:18	·	which survive here and we could imagine
10:20	·	what this would have looked like when it
10:22	·	was fully
10:23	·	painted in this Hall a wooden Shrine was
10:26	·	found in the shape of a small Temple and
10:29	·	it it is now on display in a nearby
10:31	·	museum that is recently opened the upper
10:34	·	story of this house could be accessed
10:35	·	from a staircase near this side door in
10:39	·	one of the rooms on the Upper Floor a
10:41	·	bundle of 39 tablets was found on a red
10:45	·	painted shelf this was larger than any
10:47	·	bundle of tablets found in Pompei these
10:51	·	were important documents for the family
10:52	·	of the house we know from these tablets
10:56	·	that the occupant was a fredman or
10:58	·	former slave named El venius anus and
11:02	·	the tablets describe various events in
11:04	·	his life including business transactions
11:07	·	and the birth of his daughter perhaps
11:10	·	the most important of these tablets is
11:12	·	this one which shows that he and his
11:15	·	family had become Roman
11:17	·	citizens according to Roman law at the
11:20	·	time the family became eligible after
11:22	·	his daughter reached Oney
11:25	·	old before finding these tablets the
11:28	·	exact process of granting citizenship in
11:30	·	a town like this was not known from the
11:33	·	tablets we know that there was a meeting
11:35	·	of the local officials in the city and
11:38	·	also a delegation sent to Rome the
11:41	·	tablets record that the decision to
11:43	·	Grant citizenship was confirmed in Rome
11:46	·	here in the Forum of
11:48	·	Augustus other tablets have records of
11:51	·	loans and business transactions and in
11:53	·	one of them it was recorded that anus
11:56	·	also was able to join a religious order
11:58	·	called the a
11:59	·	Galis it's possible that anus had owned
12:02	·	this entire property or only occupied
12:05	·	the upstairs portion there's no record
12:08	·	of skeletons found in the house and it
12:11	·	is not known what happened to the family
12:13	·	or why the records were left here at the
12:15	·	time of the eruption but the tablets
12:18	·	tell us an important story of a former
12:21	·	slave that had been freed and become a
12:23	·	successful businessman eventually became
12:26	·	a Roman citizen with his family and
12:29	·	lived in this large and prestigious
12:31	·	Roman
12:32	·	house hope you enjoyed this if you have
12:35	·	anything else to add let us know in the
12:36	·	comments and thanks for watching