AI can distinguish bones on xray by race.
https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/study-finds-artificial-intelligence-can-determine-race-medical-images
For their study, Gichoya and colleagues first wanted to determine if they could develop AI models that could detect race solely from chest x-rays. They used three large datasets that spanned a diverse patient population and found that their models could predict race with high accuracy—a striking finding, as human experts are unable to make such predictions by looking at x-rays. The researchers also found that the AI could determine self-reported race even when the images were highly degraded or cropped to one ninth of the original size, or when the resolution was modified to such an extent that the images were barely recognized as x-rays. The research team subsequently used other non-chest x-ray datasets including mammograms, cervical spine radiographs, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans, and found that the AI could still determine self-reported race, regardless of the type of scan or anatomic location.
As far as I have read, neither the AI nor the researchers have said how the AI makes the ditinction.
Bone density and ratios of size, most likely...............
Now if they could only get AI to be able to determine one’s sex!
BTW - my twin daughters had very similar (if not exact?) fingerprints. Their orthodondist had some fancy check-in machine where they scanned their finger (hand?). Both of them would show up in their system as the one that was put into the system first when they first signed up.
There was someplace else that this happened to them but I don’t recall now what that might have been.
One of the problems with AI is they might not know.