No. In the NFL, teams in the same division play different non-conference opponents. Strength of schedule is the 6th tie-breaker after overall record, head to head, division record, record in common games, conference record, and margin of victory average.
To be in the CFP you have to be in the top 4 of 133 FBS teams (ratio is one out of 33). That's way too many varieties of schedules to make record the see-all-do-all in college that it is in the NFL.