Ask the Jews, the Italians, the Irish, the Polish. Heck ask the kids from Appalachia today.
The idea that every person had the same advantages or disadvantages because of skin shade is pretty much BS.
My family both the Appalachia and the American Indian side got their "advantages" the same way. The guys joined the military.
And any African American who joined the military at that same time would have gotten those same advantages.
Prior to LBJ's breaking up of the Black family they were advancing economically at a rate that surpassed that of "Whites".
You talk with American Blacks from that era and they will tell you how the Great Society tore the family unit apart.
And once the family as the building block of society goes away the society it's self begins to fall apart.
I agree with you about the effect of welfare but your example of the military supports my take.
Black men joining the military were very limited compared to whites. They were segregated, they couldn’t be officers, in the navy they were cooks and stewards not machinists or gunners. During WWII the military opened spaces for them because the manpower was needed, after, they were integrated. That’s two generations into the 20th century, two generations delay.
My abolitionist great-grand father rode with John Brown and his sons in support of Lawerence against the raiders and killers of Quantrill. His great-great grandfather, also of the same name, was one of the largest slave owners in the West Indies. I inherited no property from that side of my family. Should the conduct of either of those create a blood borne debt that I inherited or an invisible mark saying the government can steal my income or property?