Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

To: smileyface

Biosci Rep 2021 Aug 27;41(8):BSR20210611.
doi: 10.1042/BSR20210611.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: implications for microclot formation in COVID-19
Lize M Grobbelaar 1 , Chantelle Venter 1 , Mare Vlok 2 , Malebogo Ngoepe 3 4 , Gert Jacobus Laubscher 5 , Petrus Johannes Lourens 5 , Janami Steenkamp 1 6 , Douglas B Kell 1 7 8 , Etheresia Pretorius 1
Affiliations

PMID: 34328172 PMCID: PMC8380922 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20210611

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by unprecedented clinical pathologies. One of the most important pathologies, is hypercoagulation and microclots in the lungs of patients. Here we study the effect of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit as potential inflammagen sui generis. Using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy as well as mass spectrometry, we investigate the potential of this inflammagen to interact with platelets and fibrin(ogen) directly to cause blood hypercoagulation. Using platelet-poor plasma (PPP), we show that spike protein may interfere with blood flow. Mass spectrometry also showed that when spike protein S1 is added to healthy PPP, it results in structural changes to β and γ fibrin(ogen), complement 3, and prothrombin. These proteins were substantially resistant to trypsinization, in the presence of spike protein S1. Here we suggest that, in part, the presence of spike protein in circulation may contribute to the hypercoagulation in COVID-19 positive patients and may cause substantial impairment of fibrinolysis. Such lytic impairment may result in the persistent large microclots we have noted here and previously in plasma samples of COVID-19 patients. This observation may have important clinical relevance in the treatment of hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; Fibrin(ogen); Microclot; Spike protein Sa; electron microscopy; fluorescence microscopy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8380922/


Great info, smiley. Thanks!


1,419 posted on 03/16/2022 12:44:14 PM PDT by Faith65 (Isaiah 40:31 )
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1312 | View Replies ]


To: Faith65

Got to the 23 min. mark on this.

Dr. Peter McCullough – Genetic Catastrophe & Long-Term Effects Of COVID-19 Injections – Maria Zeee
BY RED VOICE MEDIA
MARCH 16, 2022

https://www.redvoicemedia.com/video/2022/03/dr-peter-mccullough-genetic-catastrophe-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-injections/


1,424 posted on 03/16/2022 1:07:02 PM PDT by CheshireTheCat ("Forgetting pain is convenient.Remembering it agonizing.But recovering truth is worth the suffering")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1419 | View Replies ]

Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article


FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson