It's a study of whether or not Graphene Oxide can inhibit the Covid virus. Their conclusion is that in 3 of the 4 experiments they ran that it did inhibit Covid. You'll find the significant comments in the "Discussion" section. The majority of the paper is a technical description of their experiments so that other researchers can review what they did.
"Nanotechnology offers a number of possibilities for antiviral activity, both outside and inside the host cells."
"2D nanomaterials, due to their extremely large surface area, can be superior carriers for antiviral drug delivery purposes "
"Recently, several groups started reporting the antiviral activities of different nanomaterials against the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Nanoparticles containing silver, aluminum nitride or copper have been suggested to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity"
"In our present study, it is shown that GO can lead to reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity"
Thank you very much. That was most helpful.
"When the highest binding affinity of GO‐Spike‐ACE2 docking (−9.1 kcal mol−1) was examined in detail, GO showed strong affinity against amino acids of the spike‐RBD via 2 hydrophobic, 12 hydrogen, and 1 charge interaction with ASP427, a total of 15 bonds, and as well as 6 van der Waals forces which all explained the strong interaction with the ACE2 (Figure 3). On closer examination, (Table S2, Supporting Information) GO could act as a multiple H‐donor and H‐acceptor with strong H‐bonds ranging from 1.74 Å to 2.93 Å. Moreover, electrostatic‐pi–anion interaction of 427 ASP spike residue with GO is important for both increasing the binding strength and affecting the load density in the close chemical environment."
This GO efficacy, if true, would also directly interfere with the mRNA vaccines.