I remember during the Bush2 administration the media thought the word after president was Clinton. For eight years they called George W. Bush “Mr. Bush” with derision.
You said: “Every American who held public office, whether elected or appointed, can use the title of the highest office held for the rest of his life.”
Yes I am very well aware of that, but according to etiquette it depends on the setting they are in. Nobody follows etiquette anymore though.
https://emilypost.com/advice/addressing-a-former-president-of-the-united-states