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There's a good chance you hallucinated this week without ever knowing it
Inverse ^ | October 11, 2019 | By Jack Barton on

Posted on 10/14/2019 10:45:03 AM PDT by BenLurkin

In the 1950s, researchers stumbled upon a new class of drugs that provided relief for those suffering from schizophrenia. These drugs were known as antipsychotics and, as the name suggests, they reduced symptoms like hallucinations and delusions — primarily by reducing the levels of dopamine in the brain. This led clinicians and scientists to argue that dopamine was linked to the experiences of psychotic symptoms, and a concerted research effort ensued, seeking to solve the puzzle of why excess dopamine might produce hallucinations.

Although it was later shown that increasing dopamine could produce hallucinations, establishing a consistent link between them, it has not been clear why.

They achieved this by taking advantage of a simple fact: Your brain is lazy. It makes shortcuts to understand the deluge of information that bombards it daily. If you’re presented with consistent information, consistently, your brain adjust its expectations of reality in turn. This is the basis of Bayesian theories of how we perceive the world – that is, the brain makes inferences about the world around us based on statistics and probabilities on what is likely to occur.

[I]ncreasing dopamine made it more difficult for participants to adjust their perception — an effect comparable to how the hallucinators had struggled. Moreover, the extent to which participants struggled was strongly associated with the severity of hallucinations — but not with any diagnosis of schizophrenia. In other words, the difficulty appeared to be associated with a symptom, not a diagnosis.

Using brain imaging, the researchers also showed that an increased capacity for dopamine release, from a part of the brain known as the striatum (an area involved in schizophrenia), was associated with the severity of hallucinations. Together, these experiments showed that excess dopamine was associated with difficulty in accurately predicting reality.

(Excerpt) Read more at inverse.com ...


TOPICS: Health/Medicine
KEYWORDS: dontreadthetag; dopamine; hallucinations; hearingvoices; jayaubreyjones; koalaoil; laurel; molassesmaiasma; monkeyfacerules; pangolin; penguinhumor; psychosis; schizophrenia; undeadthread; undeadthreadhere; unghandmoose; yanni; yannilaurel; yourbrainondrugs
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To: NicknamedBob; Monkey Face; ArGee; Darksheare

DP’s mother has died from pneumonia secondary to emphysema from a lifetime of smoking. His father died five years ago from complications of lung cancer, ditto ditto.

Don’t smoke, folks.


2,321 posted on 01/11/2020 2:19:39 PM PST by Tax-chick (Make yourself useful. And don't die!)
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To: Tax-chick

Ouch.
Condolences.


2,322 posted on 01/11/2020 3:37:16 PM PST by Darksheare (Those who support liberal "Republicans" summarily support every action by same.)
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To: Tax-chick

My sympathies.

I don’t plan to smoke unless someone lights me on fire.


2,323 posted on 01/11/2020 3:37:21 PM PST by NicknamedBob (If you can't do something well, you won't do anything good.)
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To: Darksheare; NicknamedBob

He and Sally went to Myrtle Beach yesterday, so they were there when he died. They’re staying until Monday to help his brother with arrangements.


2,324 posted on 01/11/2020 3:41:52 PM PST by Tax-chick (Make yourself useful. And don't die!)
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To: NicknamedBob

There are 171,476 vocabulary words in English in current usage.

See story here:
https://wordcounter.io/blog/how-many-words-are-in-the-english-language/


2,325 posted on 01/11/2020 3:52:10 PM PST by WashingtonSource
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To: NicknamedBob

Plus, if you go by dictionaries which also contains words not in common usage, there are 470,000 words in English in the Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, together with its 1993 Addenda Section

While Italy has 270,000 in its largest dictionary. (Of course, Italian hand motions and other facial and bodily gestures in Italy contain millions of variations in meaning, I get your drift.)

All this at this link:
https://wordcounter.io/blog/how-many-words-are-in-the-english-language/


2,326 posted on 01/11/2020 3:57:08 PM PST by WashingtonSource
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To: WashingtonSource; Tax-chick

I tend to use the same words over and over again, particularly if I can make them rhyme.

Contrariwise, I don’t like to use the same word in prose usage to a noticeable extent. (Essentially I like to show off, and to expand my vocabulary.)


2,327 posted on 01/11/2020 4:54:37 PM PST by NicknamedBob (If you can't do something well, you won't do anything good.)
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To: WashingtonSource; Tax-chick; Silentgypsy
The Wordwright

“A natural at rhyming,” they said with quiet awe,
As if the effort of the work was just a lucky draw.
The poet grimly sets to task and nails the fabric down.
He stretches it to smooth it; portrays a bit of frown.

The subject matter fights him. He struggles on despite,
And witnesses remark there seems no effort in this wright.
While storms torment his vision, and tempests on him pour,
He delicately sets a bit of shell upon the shore.

The setting must be balanced. He knows it must be so,
But others only notice as the vistas slowly grow.
His struggle is exhausting, and soon to bed must he,
But not before he finishes his latest travesty.

So tempted to destroy it, his stare a rueful stance,
He shrugs and turns away from it without a backward glance.
“Another masterpiece,” they cry, and celebrate each rhyme,
And tearfully, he vows that he will do it right next time.

NicknamedBob . . . . . . . . . . . October 25, 2004

2,328 posted on 01/11/2020 5:02:46 PM PST by NicknamedBob (If you can't do something well, you won't do anything good.)
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To: NicknamedBob; WashingtonSource

English is the best for so many types of composition, but it doesn’t have the suavidad of Spanish.


2,329 posted on 01/11/2020 5:22:33 PM PST by Tax-chick (Make yourself useful. And don't die!)
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To: NicknamedBob

Thank you, Bob.


2,330 posted on 01/11/2020 8:03:51 PM PST by Silentgypsy (Call an addiction hotline and say you're hooked on phonics.)
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To: Tax-chick

Yayyy, Geekette!!!


2,331 posted on 01/11/2020 8:06:05 PM PST by Silentgypsy (Call an addiction hotline and say you're hooked on phonics.)
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To: Tax-chick

I’m sorry for your loss.


2,332 posted on 01/11/2020 8:11:07 PM PST by Silentgypsy (Call an addiction hotline and say you're hooked on phonics.)
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To: PROCON

I want to buy some of those stickers for next Halloween. Perfect timing, right before the election.


2,333 posted on 01/11/2020 8:14:29 PM PST by political1 (Love your neighbors)
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To: Tax-chick

That is sad news, but I’m so glad DP was able to be with his mother when she passed. Give him my condolences please.


2,334 posted on 01/12/2020 2:06:37 AM PST by Monkey Face (A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty.)
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To: Tax-chick; fanfan; ColdOne; Cyber Liberty; null and void; Anoreth; Monkey Face; ...

Rescue kittens in Brazil!

2,335 posted on 01/12/2020 2:57:49 AM PST by Tax-chick (One of the chief causes of premature death is fretting about your diet.)
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To: Tax-chick

Sweet little Floofs!

Good morning.

Another frigid morning, but the day may get up to 49°. Heat wave!

The shower has been had, and I was warm for a while. Maybe this time next year, I’ll be warmer when I’m out of the hot shower and the heated bathroom. ;o]

My Favorite Son will be going back to Little Rock today, and because of all the activities since Thursday, I didn’t get to spend much time with them! We went to breakfast with my DiL’s parents and my grandson, (his wife had to work) but I haven’t eaten much the last week, so most of it came home with me, including my DiL’s sandwich, which she forgot to take with her!

They will be flying out about the same time I’m in church, so I’ll give a mental wave as they fly over Southern Utah.


2,336 posted on 01/12/2020 3:23:24 AM PST by Monkey Face (A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty.)
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To: Monkey Face

Good morning! I need a shower, too.

It’s very warm here. I might have had a lie-in, but cats.


2,337 posted on 01/12/2020 3:35:57 AM PST by Tax-chick (One of the chief causes of premature death is fretting about your diet.)
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To: Tax-chick

It’s going to take me a while to get used to going to church at 1030, but most of that is the preparation. It takes a while to get this old face ready!

For the first time since last year, I couldn’t decide what to wear to church, and picked one outfit but changed my mind. Gloriosky! It’s been a while since I’ve done that!


2,338 posted on 01/12/2020 6:16:22 AM PST by Monkey Face (A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty.)
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To: NicknamedBob

That’s very good, Bob! But then, I’ve never read a bad poem from you.

Thanks!


2,339 posted on 01/12/2020 6:19:59 AM PST by Monkey Face (A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty.)
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To: Monkey Face

Today’s choir outfit is black and white.


2,340 posted on 01/12/2020 6:24:16 AM PST by Tax-chick ("The diversity cult is destroying the very foundations of our civilization." ~ Heather MacDonald)
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