According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation, at the beginning of World War II, Lamarr and composer George Antheil developed a radio guidance system for Allied torpedoes, which used spread spectrum and frequency hopping technology to defeat the threat of jamming by the Axis powers.[2], but this claim is disputed by the fact that Lamarr in a interview in 1945 to the newspaper Stars and Stripes stated that it was her partner who did the “important chemical part.”
According to the newspaper, “Hedy modestly admitted she did only ‘creative work on the invention,’ while the composer and author, George Antheil, ‘did the really important chemical part.‘”[3]
The principle of frequency hopping was dealt with by Nikola Tesla.
Although the US Navy did not adopt the technology until the 1960s, the principles of their work are arguably incorporated into Bluetooth technology, and are similar to methods used in legacy versions of CDMA and Wi-Fi.[4][5][6] This work led to their induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014.[2][7]
After a brief early film career in Czechoslovakia, including the controversial Ecstasy (1933) in which she is seen swimming and running in the nude, she fled from her husband, a wealthy Austrian ammunition manufacturer, and secretly moved to Paris. There, she met MGM head Louis B. Mayer, who offered her a movie contract in Hollywood, where she became a film star from the late 1930s to the 1950s.[8]
Lamarr appeared in numerous popular feature films, including Algiers (1938), I Take This Woman (1940), Comrade X (1940), Come Live With Me (1941), H.M. Pulham, Esq. (1941), and Samson and Delilah (1949).[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr
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Although Lamarr had no formal training and was primarily self-taught, she worked in her spare time on various hobbies and inventions, which included an improved traffic stoplight and a tablet that would dissolve in water to create a carbonated drink. The beverage was unsuccessful; Lamarr herself said it tasted like Alka-Seltzer.[22]
Among the few who knew of Lamarr’s inventiveness was aviation tycoon Howard Hughes. Lamarr discussed her relationship with Hughes during an interview, saying that while they dated he actively supported her “tinkering” hobbies.[24] He put his team of science engineers at her disposal, saying they would do or make anything she asked for.[24]
On one occasion, Hughes was trying to modify his aircraft designs to make planes fly faster. He asked her for ideas; “He relied on me,” she said. Lamarr began studying the aerodynamics of birds and the shapes of fish, afterward presenting him with sketched ideas to make wings on planes less square and more efficient. “[I] showed it to Howard Hughes and he said, ‘You’re a genius.’”[24]
During World War II, Lamarr learned that radio-controlled torpedoes, which could be important in the naval war, could easily be jammed, thereby causing the torpedo to go off course.[25] With the knowledge she had gained about torpedoes from her first husband, she thought of creating a frequency-hopping signal that could not be tracked or jammed.
She contacted her friend, composer and pianist George Antheil, to help her develop a device for doing that, and he succeeded by synchronizing a miniaturized player-piano mechanism with radio signals.[23] They drafted designs for the frequency-hopping system, which they patented.[26][27] Antheil recalled:
We began talking about the war, which, in the late summer of 1940, was looking most extremely black. Hedy said that she did not feel very comfortable, sitting there in Hollywood and making lots of money when things were in such a state. She said that she knew a good deal about munitions and various secret weapons ... and that she was thinking seriously of quitting M.G.M. and going to Washington, D.C., to offer her services to the newly established Inventors’ Council.[15]
Their invention was granted a patent on August 11, 1942 (filed using her married name Hedy Kiesler Markey).[28] However, it was technologically difficult to implement, and at that time the U.S. Navy was not receptive to considering inventions coming from outside the military.[22] Only in 1962 (at the time of the Cuban missile crisis) did an updated version of their design appear on Navy ships.[29]
In 1997, they received the Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award and the Bulbie Gnass Spirit of Achievement Bronze Award, given to individuals whose creative lifetime achievements in the arts, sciences, business, or invention fields have significantly contributed to society.[30] Lamarr was featured on the Science Channel and the Discovery Channel.[11] In 2014, Lamarr and Antheil were posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.[31]
Thank you. She was a remarkable woman.