I just watched a great show on dogs the other night, which addressed the “barking” issue.
In a nutshell, dogs realized *we* were “too stupid” to understand their rich, amazingly complex body language so they literally learned to shout at us, to get us to listen.
Dogs can learn hundreds of human words, correctly associating each word with an action or object.
We can *vaguely* guess what each particular bark “means”.
[except “I want....” to which we answer “And so ye shall receive”] :)
I've got a cat that has different meows, each one different according to her needs. One for "I'm hungry", another for "I need attention or petting", and one for "hey fella, I just took a dump and I need my kitty litter cleaned out". She won't use the litter box if there's another turd in it. I hate that meow the most...lol