None of the are exclusively limited to Apple except the internal custom chips designed and owned by Apple. However Apple is the first to use Gorilla Glass as a screen material (first to use glass at all), first to use machined Aircraft aluminum for frames,
There is only one material that Apple has access to that no one else can duplicate but Apple has, for some reason, probably economic, they have not used it. It is a killer material In any ways. That is Liquid Metal technology for Consumer Electronics. Apple hold the patent rights to the use of all Liquid Metal technology in consumer electronics. With LM, one can literally pressure mould or extrude alloys of metal that are lighter and stronger than machined metal with the benefits of close to finish accuracy including moulded in threads, screws, etc. All that is necessary with LM is final finishing. Parts made with LM technology can literally be one-third as thick and as light for the same strength. This opens up more internal space inside the same external dimensions. For some reason, even thought Apple has owned the rights to this technology since 2009, the only use they've made of it has been the little tool to open the tray for the micro-Simcard that ships with every iOS device..
There is a limit to the forces the strength of materials can withstand. . . however the engineering that goes into an Apple device makes them stronger than other makers devices. SquareTrade just tested the Samsung Galaxy S6 and HTC ONE M9 for the "Bends" that FUD spreaders made such a big deal about when the iPhone 6plus came out, only to find out that Apple had only nine iPhones 6plus models returned for being bent, all showing signs of being deliberately bent by people trying to bend them because of the YouTube video. SquareTrade found that both the Samsung and the new HTC ONE M9 flagship model smartphones bent at about the same amount of applied physical force (~120 Lbs) as the iPhone 6plus, but that both of the competitor's phones took on a permanent bend, and then broke and shattered far sooner than did the iPhone 6plus because of poor engineer decisions.
Can the fall be duplicated to arrive at the same results? Who knows.