Has there been a “scientific” attempt that has come close to explaining the actual processes that would have taken place during the Miracle to produce the image? In other words, is there any process or combination of processes, no matter how “impossible”, that would duplicate the image. X rays, cosmic rays, quantum events, dark matter?
Everything seems to be an attempt to explain a hoax. How does one explain a Miracle?
You ask:” Has there been a “scientific” attempt that has come close to explaining the actual processes that would have taken place during the Miracle to produce the image?”
Yes - it’s int HISTORY CHANNEL documentary.
The only thing, so far, seems to be a lazer light type of application - like a scanner.
Don’t think too many forgers had a scanner back then
Many theories, but none can explain everything we know about the Shroud. We do know what the image is composed of now. It is change in the color of a soap bubble thin (70-100 Ångstroms thick) coating that was left on the fibers of the Flax when it was retted (prepared by washing in a process using a plant material similar to soapwort) before it was "hank" bleached. This starch like coating underwent a chemical change called a Maillard reaction, similar to the change in bread dough turning brown when it is baked, forming a caramel like sugary substance, ONLY where the image was formed.
What we do NOT know is the modality that caused the melanoidin change. We do know that what ever it was it effected the coating proportional to the distance from the body (which is how the quasi-3D information is encoded in the Shroud), was vertically collimated to an absolutely amazing accurate degree, and did not penetrate through Shroud to the other side except for some areas of the Face on the Shroud. In addition, whatever created the image on the Shroud did so with an X-Ray quality as the teeth in the upper and lower jaws are visible as are orbits of the eyes, and the flanges of the hand, which is why some critics claim the fingers of the hands are too long. Many of the proposed methods can duplicate one or two of the features of the Shroud but not all of the them. . . and therefore are not the modality of the Shroud's creation.
Mailllard reactions can be caused by heat, radiation, chemical changes,l exposure, age (its why cloth turns yellow), and even some biological reasons.