[Cronos]

Well, it was an anarchist revolt, not Bolshevist

Remember that the 1800s "communism", "socialism", "liberalism" meant something different from later years

The Communism in Russia was a freak -- Marx envisioned communism in an industrial environment, not an agricultural society like Tsarist Russia

The anarchist movement in Central Europe and in Ireland was against despotic (in the case of Central Europe, the Kaiser and Tsar) and all-powerful (in the case of Ireland) rulers

This had ideas of equal opportunity and also was fighting against the autocratic sstem in Russia, the aristocratic society in Germany and England

By the standards of the 1800s, even late 1800s, the USA was a very liberal society and even "socialist" in the respect that this was a society where everyone had the opportunity to rise based on abilities (which is not what could be said about Tsarist Russia or English-ruled Ireland).

However the terms have changed and the raison-d'etre of many of these movements no longer exist (case in point -- socialism helped end child labor and 80 hour work weeks in terrible factory conditions, but the fight for 35 hour weeks is taking something to exaggeration)

[Olog-hai]

Not sure that Marx had the idea of a wholly industrial monolith in which communism/socialism was to spring up. The many concepts vis-à-vis centralization (communication, transportation, banking) appear to be independent of the concept of transfer of power from wealthy hoarding class (so-called “bourgeoisie”) to the lower working classes (so-called “proletariat”) anyhow—and centralization of such powers is not in any way an anarchist tenet. There are the other planks in the Manifesto in regards to agriculture, especially numbers 7, 8 and 9:

7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of wastelands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.
8. Equal liability of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.
9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the country. …

So in that case, even an industrially-backwards country is a target for communists.

In the case of Ireland, it was Irish landowners that kept things agrarian; the one exception was Ulster, which did see industrialization. The Parliament was not all-powerful, or else home rule for Ireland would never have passed. James Connolly was an ardent communist, not an anarchist, and he was not alone in the Irish Republican Brotherhood (aka the Fenians).