Eve was formed from Adams rib, so she will have the same genetic markers. Where do all the various blood types come from?
Please read the whole article. It answers your question in technical and statistical detail.
The Punnett square simply predicts what the possible phenotypes would be for a given couples children. From the number of children that Adam and Eve likely produced, it is not difficult to envision all of the ABO blood types being passed down to their offspring.
If Adam and Eve were heterozygous for the ABO blood type gene locus, then the allele frequency for the type O allele is 50 percent (2 of 4 alleles), the allele frequency for type A is 25 percent (1 of 4 alleles), and the allele frequency for type B is 25 percent (Figure 2). If there are no selective pressures or genetic drift for these alleles, then the allele frequency will remain constant through all of their descendants. The overall allele frequency in the Punnett square is actually the same for the children as it might have been for Adam and Eve. This scenario would also be true for Noahs family and their descendants.