Marbury didn’t change a single thing constitutionally. It’s only in modern times that the strange destructive doctrine of judicial supremacy has taken hold.
The courts can question the constitutionality of legislation until the cows come home, but it only matters if the legislative branch accedes to the judiciary’s claims, and much more importantly, if the EXECUTIVE BRANCH is willing to enforce their opinions.
After all, the latter is the only branch that is constitutionally empowered to enforce the laws.
Every officer of American governance, in every branch, at every level, has a sworn duty to correctly interpret and then act upon the supreme law of the land, the Constitution.
In Marbury, Marshall did not argue for judicial supremacy. He simply asserted the court’s authority, and duty, to follow the Constitution.
And John Marshall quite obviously understood that the other branches had the exact same duty to fulfill. He quite emphatically WAS NOT a judicial supremacist.
The Scotus is supreme among courts. It does not exercise supremacy over the other two branches and states.