http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0646E/T0646E00.htm
Neglected crops 1492 from a different perspective
Contents
Edited by
J.E. Hernández Bermejo and J. León
Published in collaboration with the Botanical Garden of Córdoba (Spain) as part of the Etnobotánica 92 Programme (Andalusia, 1992)
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1994
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
David Lubin Memorial Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Botanical Garden of Cordoba (Spain)
Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective
(FAO Plant Production and Protection Series, no.26)
ISBN 92-5-103217-3
1. Plant production
2. Marginal farms
3. Crops
4. Trends
I. Title
II. Series
III. FAO, Rome (Italy)
IV. Hernández Bermejo, J.E.
V. León, J.
FAO code: 11 AGRIS: F01
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
© FAO 1994
Contents
Foreword
Abbreviation
Preface
Introduction
Plant genetic resources of the new world
Genetic resources
The major phytogeographical regions
Biodiversity of American flora
Cultural relationships
Distribution of genetic diversity
Changes since 1500
The challenge of conservation
Ornamental plants
Medicinal plants
Introduction of flora from the old world and causes of crop marginalization
Degree of marginalization of American plants
Causes of the marginalization of useful plants
Conclusion
Agriculture in Mesoamerica
Domesticated plants and neglected crops in Mesoamerica
Physical geography and human occupation
Past cultures
Agricultural systems
Domesticated plants
Marginalization of crops in Mesoamerica
Beans (Phaseolus spp.)
Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus acutifolius
Phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus polyanthus
Cucurbits (Cucurbita spp.)
Cucurbita argyrosperma
Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita ficifolia
Chayote (Sechium edule)
Custard apples (Annona spp.)
Annona diversifolia
Annona reticulate
Annona scleroderma
Grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.)
Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus
Sapote (Pouteria sapota)
Spanish plum, red mombin (Spondias purpurea)
Tomatillo, husk-tomato (Physalis philadelphica)
Andean agriculture
Neglected crops of the Andean region
Andean grains and legumes
Canihua (chenopodium pallidicaule)
Quinoa (Chenopodium quince)
Love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus)
Andean tubers
Oca (Oxalis tuberosa)
Mashwa (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
Bitter potatoes (Solanum x juzepczukii), (Solanum x curtilobum)
Ullucu (Ullucus tuberosus)
Andean roots
Maca (Lepidium meyenii)
Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza)
Mauka, chago (Mirabilis expanse)
Leafcup (Polymnia sonchifolia)
Andean fruits
Pepino (Solanum muricatum)
Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea)
Mountain papaw (Carica pubescens)
Amazonian and Caribbean agriculture
Crops of the Amazon and Orinoco regions: their origin, decline and future
Origins of agriculture and genetic diversity
The decline of the amazon and Orinoco regions
Current erosion of genetic and cultural resources
Crops and wild species that deserve attention
New directions for neotropical agricultural development
Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum)
Peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes)
Species of Paullinia with economic potential
Guarana (Paullinia cupana)
Subtropical myrtaceae
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria spp.)
Arazá (Eugenia stipitata)
Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana)
Guinea arrowroot (Calathea allouia)
Maté (Ilex paraguariensis)
Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
Across the Atlantic: Spain
Processes and causes of marginalization: the introduction of American flora in Spain
Neglected species
Arrival of American species
Models and causes of marginalization
Grain legumes for animal feed
Composition and use
Botany and ecology
Genetic diversity
Cultivation practices
Prospects for improvement
Traditional varieties of grain legumes for human consumption
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Field bean, kidney bean, garden bean, haricot bean, French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Broad bean(Vicia faba)
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Lentil (Lens culinaris)
Pea (Pisum sativum)
Neglected horticultural crops
Rocket (Eruca saliva)
Garden cress (Lepidium sativum)
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
Borage (Borago officinalis)
Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica)
Spotted golden thistle (Scolymus maculatus)
Spanish salsify (Scolymus hispanicus)
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