[Southack]

"All possible changes are explored in 15 cases (3*5, not 3^5). Evolution "looks" for the small change that will confer a reproductive advantage."

How did your bacteria experiment obtain 20 million unique DNA sequences using your above 3*N math (and an "N" of 1953)?

[js1138]

I didn't say multiple site changes can't occur. I said evolution doesn't typically require multiple simultaneous changes.

Your mathematical model is based on shuffling the entire deck for each generation. Evolution accumulates small changes. Each viable generation will have few changes from the previous.

It does not require astronomical odds to explore all possible changes, one at a time.

[b_sharp]

Your calculation, 3¹⁹⁵³, produces a number of full genome changes, and a number of 1952 point changes, and a number of 1951 point changes, and so on...

Those larger mutations aren't likely to happen.