[Havoc]

LOL. Obvious Question: Where's all the blood and plasma. Where are the body fluids? Where are the eyelashes, brow, chest, arm and leg hairs. For all the evidence of an image, there is evidently a vast lack of evidence that the cloth was ever exposed to a body, much less that of Christ. Yet one can find pollen on the linen from Jerusalem as if to say all those years ago, the pollens clung to the cloth, but, blood could not.. This is a fraud - utterly, clearly and completely. How it was made is immaterial.

[Swordmaker]

Where's all the blood and plasma.

Havoc, there is blood and plasma all over the Shroud. This is beyond dispute. Some of the world's foremost experts on blood have confirmed it.

Some portions of the Shroud are entirely covered in blood, particularly the blood flow from the spear wound in the side.

Blood flow from spear wound... wound is at left end of blood stain in this photo. Negative
(positive image, negative blood) photo on the right.
All Photographs - Barrie M. Schworz

Each of the scourge marks on the back (over 120 of them) have blood and clotted blood in the
wound areas. Note also the blood stains at the nape of the neck and up to the crown of the head.
You can also see the flow of blood across the small of the back from the spear wound in the front.

The face on the Shroud... note the blood flows in
the scalp and in the hair.

Wrist wound with blood flows. The wound in the wrist
has blood flows from it and down both arms.

There is blood on the feet from
the wounds there.

Forensic Pathologists have confirmed the blood flows are typical of blood. The plasma is invisible in normal light but the flow of blood from the side wound is surrounded by a serum halo that is obvious under ultra-violet light.

. . . chemist Dr. Alan Adler and biophysicist Dr. John Heller, experts on blood and blood fractions, who state categorically in peer-reviewed scientific Journals, that the blood stains consist of hemoglobin and its derivatives. Aside from light microscopy,

Heller and Adler tested for hemochromagen (positive), cyanmethemoglobin (positive), bile pigment bilirubin (positive), and proteolytic enzymes (positive), human specific protein albumin (positive), presence of serum halos around stains (positive), and immunological determination that the blood is of primate origin.

Yale University's Dr. Joseph Gall's spectrophotometer tests showed the blood stains on the Shroud absorb light at 410 nanometers... a test that he states is "specific" for blood, as "nothing in nature that absorbs light at four hundred ten nanometers that strongly".

Dr. Bruce Cameron, whose "double doctorate is dedicated to hemoglobin in all its many forms", on blind review of the test results (i.e., not knowing where the samples came from) stated "You both should know what it is. It's old acid met-hemoglobin." (a remnant compound of aged blood.)

Ergo, according to some of the world's top experts on blood, the blood stains on the Shroud of Turin, are exactly that... blood stains.

As to hair, there have been many hairs removed from the Shroud... but after 700 or 2000 years, whatever the provenance, there is no way of determining whose hair they are. The hair and other contaminants taken from the sticky tapes were catalogued but seem to have no pattern or significance. There are human and animal hairs, of various colors, and patterns.

Too many people have handled the shroud and/or hovered over it, merely looking at it, dropping dandruff, hair, and other detritus for that kind of evidence to have much importance. The reason the pollen has importance (if it is supported in further studies because Max Frei's work has, fairly or unfairly, been called into question) is that the Shroud has never been to the area the observed pollens come from in its 700 years of documented history.