George W. Bush will win reelection by a margin of at least ten per cent.
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The website is a great preliminary source, sort of an online encyclopedia written by Lendering.Scylax of CaryandaPactyïke was a part of ancient Gandara (eastern Afghanistan) and Caspatyrus, which is not mentioned in other sources, has to be somewhere along the river Kabul. Since Herodotus tells us in the next line that Scylax' expedition was a preliminary to Darius' conquest of the Indus valley, we can date this voyage after 519 -when Darius' rule was secure- and before 512, when India seems to have been part of the Persian empire. Scylax' voyage led him along the Indus, along the shores of the Indian ocean and those of the Persian gulf... He passed Maka (modern Oman) and circumnavigated the Arabian peninsula. We may assume that he had a special interest for the Arabian towns in Yemen, which were famous for the production of incense. After this, he sailed to the north, through the Red Sea, until he reached Suez. In the ancient world, Scylax' fame was great. A naval handbook from the fourth century BCE was published under his name.
by Jona Lendering
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Inscription in Carian and Greek
Anistoriton ^ | 27 Dec. 1997 | (editors)
Posted on 07/17/2004 6:20:07 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1173453/posts
Tamil Trade
INTAMM ^ | 1997 | Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
Posted on 09/11/2004 8:07:01 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/1213591/posts
At Empire's Edge:As is often the case at Roman sites in the Eastern Desert, and particularly at those such as Quseir al-Qadim where water was scarce, a large variety of amphorae was present. Some, dating from the first and second centuries A.D., were inscribed with Tamil graffiti in the Brahmi script and likely came from Arikamedu in southern India (not far from the modern town of Pondicherry). These constitute the first Indian Tamil inscriptions ever found in Egypt, and their discovery next to a small iron forge, raises the possibility that a small community of Indian merchants or metalworkers lived at Quseir al-Qadim. As further testimony to Quseir al-Qadim's role in Rome's trade with India, researchers found items typical of the east, for example, teak and cloth made from jute. [pp 82-83]
Exploring Rome's Egyptian Frontier
by Robert B. Jackson
Pliny the Elder also added a warning: "The subject is one well worthy of our notice, seeing that in no year does India drain us of less than 550,000,000 sesterces giving back her own wares, which are sold among us at fully 100 percent their first cost." Romans were not the only ones to comment on the nature of their trade with India. A Tamil poem from the second or third century A.D. includes the following passage: "The beautiful vessels, the masterpieces of the Yavanas [Westerners], stir white foam on the Periyar, river of Kerala, arriving with gold and departing with pepper." Despite the discovery in southern India of some six thousand silver denarii and gold aurei, which seems to corroborate these statements, scholars disagree about whether such an economic imbalance actually occurred. Certainly the Romans spent vast sums of money on Asian luxuries, but they might also have used a barter system. Roman amphora, pottery, glass, lamps, and other items have been excavated in India, Sri Lanka, and Arabia, and Roman beads (gold or silver, set in glass) have been uncovered in the Rufiji Delta of Tanzania... In addition, the Greek/Egyptian author of Periplus Maris Erythraei (Circumnavigation of the Red Sea) identifies specific places where bartering was or was not possible. [pp 88-89]
http://www.freerepublic.com/~Megalommatis/
The requested document does not exist on this server.
both of these topics have been pulled:
The Periplus of Hanno, King of the Carthaginians,
ed. Megalommatis,
a Book Review
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1156906/posts
The Periplus of the Red Sea,
edition Megalommatis,
a Book Review
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1154520/posts
some related topics:
Bible Accuracy
Christian Courier: Penpoints | Monday, October 14, 2002 | Wayne Jackson
Posted on 01/23/2003 4:28:55 AM PST by calebjosh
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/827885/posts
Eusebius' Onomasticon: Geographical Knowledge in Byzantine Palestine
Palestine Exploration Fund | 17 March, 2004, Last modified 30 April, 2004
Joan E. Taylor and Rupert L. Chapman
Posted on 01/01/2005 1:36:08 AM PST by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1311964/posts
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Gods, Graves, Glyphs (alpha order)
Eusebius' Onomasticon: Geographical Knowledge in Byzantine Palestine
Palestine Exploration Fund | 17 March, 2004, Last modified 30 April, 2004 | Joan E. Taylor and Rupert L. Chapman
Posted on 01/01/2005 1:36:08 AM PST by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1311964/posts
Tamil Trade
INTAMM | 1997 | Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
Posted on 09/11/2004 8:07:01 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/1213591/posts
The Periplus of the Red Sea
edition Megalommatis, a Book Review.
The Books | 15/6/04 | Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis
Posted on 06/16/2004 7:33:33 AM PDT by Muhammad Shams Megalommatis
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1154520/posts
Syracusia [Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia]
Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia | prior to 2006 | Houghton Mifflin
Posted on 01/28/2006 8:46:55 PM PST by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/1567208/posts
So How Far Did The Phoenicians Really Go In The Region?
Daily Star | 2-23-2004 | Peter Speetjens
Posted on 02/23/2004 8:55:51 AM PST by blam
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1083750/posts
The Periplus of Hanno, King of the Carthaginians
ed. Megalommatis, a Book Review.
The Books | 19/6/2004 | Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis
Posted on 06/20/2004 10:01:04 AM PDT by Muhammad Shams Megalommatis
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1156906/posts
Stone Circles In Saudi Arabia
Science Frontiers | No. 3: April 1978 | William R. Corliss
Posted on 08/25/2004 11:42:13 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1199778/posts
Ethnic Groups in Philistia
Giving Goliath His Due: New Archaeological Light on the Philistines | Neal Bierling
Posted on 09/08/2004 10:41:26 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/1210752/posts
Three Ancient Romanian Maps Bolster Accuracy Of "Persian Gulf" Name (Arabian Gulf?)
Tehran Times | 1-15-2005
Posted on 01/15/2005 4:35:16 PM PST by blam
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1321600/posts
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