Free Republic
Browse · Search
Religion
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

It is the Decision of the Holy Spirit and Us – A Reflection on the Catholicity of the Early Church
Archdiocese of Washington ^ | 05-17-17 | Msgr. Charles Pope

Posted on 05/22/2017 7:51:58 AM PDT by Salvation

It is the Decision of the Holy Spirit and Us – A Reflection on the Catholicity of the Early Church

May 17, 2017

The first readings at daily Mass this week recount the Council of Jerusalem, which scholars generally date to around 50 A.D. It was a pivotal moment in the history of the Church, because it would set forth an identity for Her that was independent of the culture of Judaism per se and would open wide the door of inculturation to the Gentiles. This surely had a significant effect on evangelization in the early Church.

Catholic ecclesiology is evident in this first council in that we have a very Catholic model of how a matter of significant pastoral practice and doctrine is properly dealt with. What we see here is the same model that the Catholic Church has continued to use right up to the present day. In this and all subsequent ecumenical councils, there is a gathering of the bishops, presided over by the Pope, that considers and may even debate a matter. In the event that consensus cannot be reached, the Pope resolves the debate. Once a decision is reached, it is considered binding and a letter is issued to the whole Church.

All of these elements are seen in this first council of the Church in Jerusalem, although in seminal form. Let’s consider this council, beginning with some background.

  1. Bring in the Gentiles! Just prior to ascending, the Lord gave the Apostles the great commission: Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit (Matt 28:19). The Gentiles were now to be summoned and included in the ranks of discipleship and of the Church.
  2. The Church was mighty slow in beginning any outreach to the Gentiles. While it is true that on the day of Pentecost people from every nation heard Peter’s sermon, and more than 3000 converted, they were all Jews (Acts 2). In fact, there seems little evidence of the Church moving far from Jerusalem let alone to all the nations.
  3. Perhaps as a swift kick in the pants, the Lord allowed a persecution to break out in Jerusalem after the stoning of Stephen (Acts 7). This caused the gospel to begin a northward trek, into Samaria at least. Samaritans, however, are not usually considered Gentiles, because they were a group that had intermarried with Jews in the 8th century B.C. There was also the baptism of an Ethiopian official, but he, too, was a Jew.
  4. Fifteen Years? The timeline of Acts is a bit speculative. However, if we study it carefully and compare it to some of what Paul says (especially in Galatians), it would seem that it was between 12 and 15 years before the baptism of the first Gentile took place! If this is true, then another nudge or push from the Lord was surely needed. There was strong racial animosity between Jews and Gentiles, which may explain the slow response to Jesus’ commission. Although it may explain it, it does not excuse it. However, the Lord does not fail to guide His Church.
  5. Time for another kick in the pants. This time the Lord goes to Peter, who was praying on a rooftop in Joppa, and by means of a vision teaches him that he should not call unclean what God calls clean. The Lord then sends to Peter an entourage from Cornelius, a high Roman military official seeking baptism. Cornelius, of course, is a Gentile. The entourage requests that Peter accompany them to meet Cornelius at Cesarea. At first, he is reluctant, but then recalling the vision (the kick in the pants) that God gave him, Peter decides to go. In Cesarea, he does something unthinkable: Peter, a Jew, enters the house of a Gentile. He has learned his lesson and as the first Pope has been guided by God to do what is right and just. After a conversation with Cornelius and the whole household as well as signs from the Holy Spirit, Peter baptizes them. Praise the Lord! It was about time. (All of this is detailed in Acts 10.)
  6. Many are not happy with what Peter has done and they confront him about it. Peter explains his vision and also the manifestation of the Holy Spirit, insisting that this is how it is going to be. While it is true that these early Christians felt freer to question Peter than we would the Pope today, it is also a fact that what Peter has done is binding even if some of them don’t like it; what Peter has done will stand. Once Peter has answered them definitively, they reluctantly assent and declare somewhat cynically, “God has granted life giving repentance even to the Gentiles!” (Acts 11:18)
  7. Trouble is brewing. The mission to the Gentiles is finally open, but that does not mean that the trouble is over. As Paul, Barnabas, and others begin to bring in large numbers of Gentile converts, some among the Jewish Christians begin to object that they are not like Jews and insist that the Gentiles must be circumcised and follow the whole of Jewish Law—not just the moral precepts but also the cultural norms, kosher diet, purification rites, etc. (That is where we picked up the story in yesterday’s Mass.)
  8. The Council of Jerusalem – Luke, a master of understatement, says, “Because there arose no little dissension and debate …” (Acts 15:2) it was decided to ask the Apostles and elders in Jerusalem to gather and consider the matter. So the Apostles and some presbyters (priests) with them meet. Of course Peter is there as is James, who was especially prominent in Jerusalem among the Apostles and would later become bishop there. Once again, Luke rather humorously understates the matter by saying, “After much debate, Peter arose” (Acts 15:7).

Peter arises to settle the matter because, it would seem, the Apostles themselves were divided. Had not Peter received this charge from the Lord? The Lord had prophesied, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to sift you all like wheat but I have prayed for you Peter, that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen your brothers (Luke 22:31-32). Peter now fulfills this text, as he will again in the future and as will every Pope after him. Peter clearly dismisses any notion that the Gentiles should be made to take up the whole burden of Jewish customs. Paul and Barnabas rise to support this. Then James (who it seems may have felt otherwise) rises to assent to the decision and asks that a letter be sent forth to all the Churches explaining the decision. He also asks for and obtains a few concessions.

So there it is, the first council of the Church. That council, like all the Church-wide councils that would follow, was a gathering of the bishops in the presence of Peter, who worked to unite them. At a council a decision is made and a decree binding on the whole Church is sent out—very Catholic, actually. We have kept this biblical model ever since that first council. Our Protestant brethren have departed from it because they have no pope to settle things when there is disagreement. They have split into tens of thousands of denominations and factions. When no one is pope, everyone is pope.

A final thought: Notice how the decree to the Churches is worded: It is the decision of the Holy Spirit and of us (Acts 15:28). In the end, we trust the Holy Spirit to guide the Church in matters of faith and morals. We trust that decrees and doctrines that issue forth from councils of the bishops with the Pope are inspired by and authored by the Holy Spirit Himself. There it is right in Scripture, the affirmation that when the Church speaks solemnly in this way, it is not just the bishops and the Pope speaking as men, it is the Holy Spirit speaking with them.

The Church—Catholic from the start!


TOPICS: Apologetics; Catholic; History; Theology
KEYWORDS: catholic; council; history; jerusalem
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 81-100101-120121-140 ... 301-305 next last
To: Elsie
The Holy Spirit "guides" papal conclaves, yes: Our Lord the Holy Spirit guides everyone who asks for His guidance.

"Controls," in the sense of overriding direction, no. Any given Pope cannot be regarded as a personal Holy Spirit "pick," --- except in the sense of the general superintendence of Providence, present also in the outcomes of U.S. presidential elections, marriage proposals, freshman algebra tests, and poker games.

We pray hard for Popes, before, during and after papal conclaves. The Lord's objective goodness towards His Church does not fail --- even though his permissive will (which permits our wills to be in play) has admitted mixed outcomes in our two millennium papal history since, and including, Peter.

101 posted on 05/23/2017 3:29:12 PM PDT by Mrs. Don-o (First, I never just knit; I knit and think, knit and listen, knit and watch.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 93 | View Replies]

To: metmom

Where is the word rapture?

Where is the word sola scriptura?


102 posted on 05/23/2017 3:41:48 PM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 84 | View Replies]

To: metmom
😀😆
103 posted on 05/23/2017 3:42:34 PM PDT by Mark17 (Genesis chapter 1 verse 1. In the beginning GOD....And the rest, as they say, is history)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 100 | View Replies]

To: kosciusko51

I thought you meant Free Republic and got it backwards.


104 posted on 05/23/2017 3:48:22 PM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 36 | View Replies]

To: Mark17
Thinking even less of the that guy Michael Rood

Go to sleep, Mark. Don't wake this thread-robber up, Bro, if it infects this thread too, it might get shut down.

I think you're tired,
sleepy
sle-e-e-epy
z-zzz-zz-zzzz-zzz

105 posted on 05/23/2017 3:49:42 PM PDT by imardmd1 (Fiat Lux)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 99 | View Replies]

To: imardmd1
Actually, I just got up. It's 7 AM here. Maybe you are right, best let sleeping dogs lie. 😀
106 posted on 05/23/2017 4:02:05 PM PDT by Mark17 (Genesis chapter 1 verse 1. In the beginning GOD....And the rest, as they say, is history)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 105 | View Replies]

To: Salvation; metmom
rapture, Anglicization of the Vulgates translation into Latin:

1 Th 4:17 deinde nos qui vivimus qui relinquimur simul rapiemur cum illis in nubibus obviam Domino in aera et sic semper cum Domino erimus (Vulgate)

of the Greek verb "harpadzo" meaning "to snatch away":

1Th 4:17 επειτα ημεις οι ζωντες οι περιλειπομενοι αμα συν αυτοις αρπαγησομεθα εν νεφελαις εις απαντησιν του κυριου εις αερα brκαι ουτως παντοτε συν κυριω εσομεθα (Textus Receptus)

1Th 4:17  Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air:
and so shall we ever be with the Lord. (Authorized English Version) **************

107 posted on 05/23/2017 4:20:15 PM PDT by imardmd1 (Fiat Lux)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 102 | View Replies]

To: Salvation

That’s not an answer.

Show me from Scripture that y’all Catholics claim your church wrote where the word “pope” occurs.


108 posted on 05/23/2017 4:24:45 PM PDT by metmom ( ...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 102 | View Replies]

To: imardmd1

Funnt that Catholics complain about the word “rapture” not showing up in Scripture and there it is in the Latin VULGATE that THEIR church translated the Greek into.


109 posted on 05/23/2017 4:26:33 PM PDT by metmom ( ...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 107 | View Replies]

To: metmom

Funny not Funnt.....


110 posted on 05/23/2017 4:27:14 PM PDT by metmom ( ...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 109 | View Replies]

To: rwa265; Salvation
Thanks for your comments. I hope you noticed that I was not rebuking anyone for posting provocative threads, but for the mocking, criticizing and ridiculing those who join in to disagree with the OP's point. I do think a little discretion is called for at times.

I remember how a few long time Freepers were zotted not that long ago for posting numerous threads that some perceived as anti-Catholic when, in reality, they were promoting the Reformation and the changes it brought as well as the reasons why Protestant/Evangelical theology is superior to the Roman Catholics'. In other words, not any different from the subject matter presented in these regular postings that bring a "strong reaction" only reversed. If someone is going to post threads they already KNOW from experience will provoke such reactions, then they should be careful to not come across as smugly mocking those they know will respond. When you invite discussion, welcome it.

111 posted on 05/23/2017 5:03:59 PM PDT by boatbums (Authority has a way of descending to certitude, and certitude begets hubris.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 56 | View Replies]

To: Salvation
Where is the word rapture?

17Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord. 1 Thessalonians 4:17 NASB

Where is the word sola scriptura?

While the phrase sola scriptura is not found in the Bible, the Bible testifies, as God's written word of the necessity of reading His Word to learn the truth. Which is the essence of sola scriptura.

Everything one needs to know how to have a relationship with God can be found in the Scriptures.

The phrase, "it is written" is attested to 76 times in the Bible. 16 in the OT; 60 in the NT.(searching on "it is written" using NASB at biblegateway.com).

We have 166 uses of the word book..indicating a written record of some form...129 OT; 37 NT.

Obviously there is great importance in God communicating to His people in written form.

We have the earliest example of the Ten Commandments where the Lord Himself wrote the Ten Commandments

Now the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandment which I have written for their instruction.” Exodus 24:12 NASB

Now the Lord said to Moses, “Cut out for yourself two stone tablets like the former ones, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the former tablets which you shattered. Ex 34:1 NASB

The OT Law was written so the people would have a permanent record.

When Jesus was tempted by Satan He appealed to, "it is written" and quoted Scripture in each reply to Satan.

In Paul's most theological writing in Romans, he appealed to, "it is written" 16 times. More than any other book in the Bible.

John wrote twice on the premise of why he wrote. 13These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, so that you may know that you have eternal life. 1 John 5:13 NASB

but these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you may have life in His name. John 20:31 NASB

Paul directed Timothy to the Scriptures for truth.

14You, however, continue in the things you have learned and become convinced of, knowing from whom you have learned them, 15and that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are able to give you the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. 16All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; 17so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work. 2 Timothy 3:14-17 NASB

The appeal to the written word as authority is clear for anyone with an open mind to read and study.

Christianity can point to far more examples of what we believe than can the Roman Catholic dare to.

112 posted on 05/23/2017 5:41:42 PM PDT by ealgeone
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 102 | View Replies]

To: Elsie
Who said that?? Oh yeah...

Kinda goes against the RCC message doesn't it.

113 posted on 05/23/2017 5:44:00 PM PDT by ealgeone
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 97 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

My cousin Marvin might have carved statues of Mary. He owned a business that made awards, medals, trophies, and similar products out of wood and metal. He would not have made them for himself, though. He was Baptist.


114 posted on 05/23/2017 5:46:09 PM PDT by rwa265
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 88 | View Replies]

To: ealgeone

Thank God for what is good.


115 posted on 05/23/2017 5:56:44 PM PDT by daniel1212 ( Turn to the Lord Jesus as a damned and destitute sinner+ trust Him to save you, then follow Him!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 47 | View Replies]

To: Salvation
Peter, a Jew, enters the house of a Gentile. He has learned his lesson and as the first Pope...

No where in the Word of God is Peter ever designated 'the first Pope'.

116 posted on 05/23/2017 6:26:17 PM PDT by GGpaX4DumpedTea ((I am a Tea Party descendant...steeped in the Constitutional Republic given to us by the Founders))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: Salvation
1Therefore, I exhort the elders among you, as your fellow elder and witness of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker also of the glory that is to be revealed, 2shepherd the flock of God among you, exercising oversight not under compulsion, but voluntarily, according to the will of God; and not for sordid gain, but with eagerness; 3nor yet as lording it over those allotted to your charge, but proving to be examples to the flock. 1 Peter 5:1-3 NASB

Sure doesn't sound like Roman Catholicism does it?

117 posted on 05/23/2017 6:32:38 PM PDT by ealgeone
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: ealgeone

The advantage of the written word is that it does not change.

We can still go back to the oldest manuscripts available and look at them and they are still the same as they were almost 2000 years ago.

Word of mouth, and tradition, no matter how sacred it is claimed to be, just cannot compete in the reliability department.

Why anyone would think to put that on the same level as written Scripture is beyond me.

Well, not really. I mean I know some people have their pet dogmas and doctrines that they want support for but I cannot see why they stick to them when shown to contradict Scripture instead of changing what they thought.


118 posted on 05/23/2017 6:39:50 PM PDT by metmom ( ...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 112 | View Replies]

To: imardmd1
g Peter, who even tried to dissolve the Paul/Barnabas evangelistic team authorized by the Holy Spirit through the doctrinally correct Antiochans to send them out as missionaries. "As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them" (Act 13:2 AV). While they were away, and Peter came to Antioch: "And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation" (Gal 2:13 AV). So, what do you make of that?

Butting in here, it is note that it was not the Jerusalem leadership that sent out Paul and Barnabas, much less Rome, nor even any apostles, but certain prophets and teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. (Acts 13:1)

However, it is not indicated that Peter was trying to dissolve the Paul/Barnabas evangelistic team, but that in when "certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them which were of the circumcision." (Galatians 2:12)

Peter's declension was one of weakness, of fear (been there), but this was a rare exception, and inconsistent with his professed belief and support of Paul, for as he attested (I do not think Gal. 2 happened before Acts 15), "Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean." (Acts 10:28)

Yet this does not support the RC papacy, which cannot even find Peter in the letter to the church at Rome, and which absence results in the absurd RC pleading that Paul did not mention him because of persecution, yet he has no problem mentioning over 30 other people!

119 posted on 05/23/2017 6:49:04 PM PDT by daniel1212 ( Turn to the Lord Jesus as a damned and destitute sinner+ trust Him to save you, then follow Him!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 77 | View Replies]

To: metmom

And actually, “rapture” has a nice sound to it. Sounds sort of ethereal, with a sense of urgency. But “caught up” does the trick. Perhaps you remember that Jesus used harpadzo in telling how firmly we are in his grasp, as well as the Father’s, once we have become his property (Jn. 10:28,29); to seize or pluck someone out of an existing constraining force or condition.


120 posted on 05/23/2017 6:54:28 PM PDT by imardmd1 (Fiat Lux)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 109 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 81-100101-120121-140 ... 301-305 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
Religion
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson