[SoothingDave]

Tribal affiliation was patrilineal.

How was Jesus "made of the seed of David" if the Holy Spirit, rather than Joseph, was his father?

I believe your original question was answered. "Made of the seed of David" to me, means that Jesus is a descendent of David. Even if this is through His mother, so that He is not technically "affiliated" with David's trbe, He was nonetheless made from the "Seed" of David. A true descendent of David's

And then, on top of that, He was adopted by Joseph so that He became a member of the Tribe of David.

SD

[malakhi]

He was adopted by Joseph so that He became a member of the Tribe of David.

Adoption doesn't pass on kingship, tribal affiliation or priesthood. Someone adopted into a Levite family did not gain the ability to function in the priesthood.